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Flashcards in Module 4 & 5 Deck (30)
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1
Q

What is the most powerful psychological research tool?

A

Experiment

2
Q

Experiment

A

the formal process undertaken to confirm or disconfirm a hypothesis about the causes of behavior

3
Q

What does an experiment entail?

A

Directly vary a condition you think might effect behavior, create two or more groups of subjects alike in all ways except for what you are varying

4
Q

Independent variable

A

altered by the experimenter

5
Q

dependent variable

A

measure the results of the experiment

6
Q

extraneous variables

A

conditions a researcher wants to prevent from affecting outcomes of the experiment

7
Q

Experimental group

A

participants who get independent variable

8
Q

control group

A

participants who do NOT get independent variable

9
Q

Random assignment

A

equal chance of being in either experimental or control group.
Balances personal differences in the two groups.

10
Q

“Statistically significant”

A

results occur very rarely by chance alone.
To be significant, a difference must be large enough so that it would occur by chance in less then 5 experiments out of 100

11
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

a prediction that leads people to act in ways to make prediction come true

12
Q

single-blind experiment

A

The participants don’t know what group they’re in

13
Q

double blind experiment

A

neither the researcher or the participants know what group they’re in

14
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Observing a person or an animal in the natural environmental context.
Provides descriptions of behavior

15
Q

observer effect

A

Changes in behavior caused by an awareness of being observed.

16
Q

Observer bias

A

Occurs when observers see what they expect to see or record only selected details.

17
Q

Anthropomorphic error

A

Attributing human thoughts, feelings, or motives to animals

18
Q

Correlational studies

A
  • degree of a relationship between two variables.
  • correlation coefficient ranges from -1.0-+1.0
  • Closer to -1 or 1 the stronger the relationship
  • correlation of 0.0 demonstrates no relationship
19
Q

positive correlation

A

increases in one variable are matched by increases in the other variable. Ex. High School grades and College grades

20
Q

negative correlation

A

Increases in one variable are matched by decreases the other variable. Ex. Hours playing video games and grades

21
Q

Case Study

A

In-depth focus on all aspects of a single person

22
Q

Natural clinical tests

A

Natural events, such as accidents, that provide psychological data (ex. phineas gage)

23
Q

Survey method

A

-Using public polling techniques to answer psychological questions

24
Q

Representative sample

A

small group that accurately reflects a larger population

25
Q

Population

A

entire group of animals or people belonging to a particular category

26
Q

problems with survey methods

A
  • biased sample

- give polite or socially accepted answers

27
Q

survey

A

in psychology, a public polling technique used to answer psychological questions

28
Q

representative sample

A

a small, randomly selected part of a larger population that accurately reflects characteristics of the whole population

29
Q

population

A

an entire group of animals or people belonging to a particular category

30
Q

Who is the cutest freshman girl at MNU

A

Ellie Nyhus