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Social 30-2 > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

amendment

A

a change or addition

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2
Q

antitrust law

A

a law created by the government of the United States to ensure that large corporations do not have a monopoly on the sale of goods or services

The antitrust law ensures that entrepreneurs have an opportunity to compete with one another.

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3
Q

boom

A

an economic stage in which the economy is growing

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4
Q

bust

A

a large decrease in economic activity; the collapse of an economy

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5
Q

caucus

A

a meeting of all elected members of a political party

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6
Q

Charter of Rights and Freedoms

A

a Canadian government document that lists the rights and freedoms of Canadian citizens

The Charter addresses free speech, freedom of the press, legal rights, language rights, mobility rights, and much more.

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7
Q

checks and balances

A

in the United States, the concept that one branch of government has the power to override decisions made by another branch of government

This process guarantees that one branch of government does not have more power than another branch.

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8
Q

classical liberalism

A

an ideology based on increased rights and freedoms for all individuals

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9
Q

coalition government

A

a majority government created by two or more political parties uniting and voting the same way on a bill

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10
Q

competition

A

when two or more companies sell similar products

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11
Q

constituent

A

a person who lives in a region represented by a Member of Parliament

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12
Q

consumer sovereignty

A

the concept that consumers determine what is produced

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13
Q

cradle to grave

A

from the time a person is born until the person dies

Some governments care for their citizens from cradle to grave.

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14
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

a government document of the United States, dated 1776, that sets out the rights and freedoms of American citizens

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15
Q

direct democracy

A

a type of democracy in which all individuals have the right to vote or express opinions on issues

Direct democracies work best in very small communities where most people have the same beliefs and values.

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16
Q

dissent

A

to oppose or disagree with something or someone

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17
Q

economic collectivism

A

an economic theory based on the idea that a country’s resources should be government-owned and divided equally among the people

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18
Q

economic individualism

A

an economic theory based on the idea that each person in society is responsible for meeting her or his own needs

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19
Q

entrepreneur

A

a person willing to risk and invest money to run a business or sell a product

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20
Q

Executive Branch

A

a branch of government usually responsible for introducing laws

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21
Q

federal system

A

a system of government in which there is a federal government

The federal government acts as the most important level of government, sometimes overseeing the provincial or state level of government.

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22
Q

feudal system

A

a system in which farm land is owned by a lord and rented to peasants in exchange for labour and a portion of the crop

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23
Q

first past the post

A

the party that receives the largest number of seats in a general election

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24
Q

free market economy

A

an economic system based on complete private enterprise and very little government intervention

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25
Great Law of Peace
the oral constitution of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy Some historians believe the American Constitution is based on the Great Law of Peace.
26
impeach
to bring an official to trial for misconduct A president of the United States can be brought to trial, and even removed from office, if she or he does something that is considered to be an unacceptable action by a president.
27
Industrial Revolution
a time of change that began in Great Britain in approximately 1750 This period was marked by a great transformation in the way goods were made.
28
intervention
the act of getting involved in another person’s affairs In a market economy, government will intervene when there are unfair business practices.
29
invisible hand
a term created by Adam Smith used to describe how the pursuit of profits guides entrepreneurs to determine what consumers want
30
Judicial Branch
a branch of government responsible for interpreting laws The Judicial Branch of government is completely independent of the Executive and Legislative Branches of government.
31
labour union
an organization of workers who join together to improve working conditions, salaries, and rules about hiring, firing, and employment benefits
32
laissez-faire capitalism
a system in which economic decisions are made by entrepreneurs and investors with little or no government intervention
33
laissez-faire economics
an economic system based on the principle that the government does not intervene in business
34
Legislative Branch
a branch of government usually responsible for voting on bills
35
liberal democracy
a government that is elected by the people and is expected to follow the will of the people while respecting the rights and freedoms of minorities Most democracies are liberal democracies.
36
Luddites
a group of workers in England who, from 1811–1816, organized themselves to destroy machinery because they believed the machinery created unemployment
37
majority government
the political party that obtains at least 50 percent + 1 seats in a general election
38
media
all the forms of communication used to transmit information to people Media includes television programs or commercials, radio, newspaper, the Internet, or any other form of providing information to the public.
39
Member of Parliament
a person elected to represent people from a particular region
40
mercantilism
an economic system based on the beliefs that a country should export more goods than it imports Entrepreneurs benefit from exporting goods to new markets.
41
minority government
the political party that wins the most seats, but less than 50 percent + 1, in a general election
42
minority rights
government’s consideration of the needs of individuals with different thoughts and beliefs than the majority Democratic governments must consider the needs of all individuals in society, not just the needs of the majority of people.
43
mixed economy
an economic system in which there is a combination of private and public enterprise
44
monopoly
occurs when a product or service is only sold by one company
45
needs
products essential to the well-being of an individual
46
party line
the understanding that all members of a political party will vote the same way in the House of Commons In Canada, MPs who do not follow the party line can be removed from their political party.
47
plebiscite
a direct vote by citizens on an issue; government is not required to act on the result of a plebiscite Unlike a referendum, the government can use a plebiscite to gather opinions; the government does not need to adopt the opinion of voters.
48
political platform
the aims, goals, and values of a political party or individual politician at a given time
49
political spectrum
a continuum that allows governments to be compared to other governments The amount of government control a government exercises on its people determines where the government is on the political spectrum. Political systems on the left side of the spectrum typically have more government control. Political systems on the right side of the spectrum typically have less government control.
50
primaries
the process of selecting a presidential candidate from each political party
51
private enterprise
a system in a market economy in which individuals control businesses and entrepreneurs determine what products will be sold
52
profit motive
the desire of business owners to make money
53
progressive taxation
a system of taxation in which the more money a person makes, the more tax that person pays
54
proportional representation
a system of government in which seats in parliament are distributed according to the percent of votes each party obtains during an election
55
public enterprise
a system in which an economy is controlled by the government, which also decides what will be sold
56
referendum
a direct vote by citizens on an issue; government must act on the result of a referendum
57
representative democracy
a type of democracy in which voters elect people to represent them in government
58
resources
materials or people needed to make a product
59
rule of law
the idea that all individuals are equal before the law; laws, not individuals, rule the land
60
scarcity
occurs when there is not enough of a product to meet the demand for the product
61
Senate
a group of individuals appointed to consider and influence government decisions and policies
62
social contract
a written or oral contract that says individuals agree to follow established laws
63
socialist
a person who believes in equal ownership of all land and means of production
64
subsidy
money granted by the government to keep the price of goods competitive
65
suffragette
a person who supported women’s voting rights
66
supply and demand
the balance between items produced and items purchased
67
taxes
money people pay to the government The government uses money from taxes to fund social programs for all Canadians.
68
textile industry
industries primarily concerned with the design or manufacture of cloth
69
tyranny of the majority
occurs when an elected government makes decisions without considering the needs of the minority
70
veto
the right to cancel another person or group’s decision to act In the United States, the president can veto a bill passed in Congress.
71
wants
products desired by consumers that are not a necessity of life
72
welfare state
an economic system that places great importance on the health and security of its citizens

Social 30-2 (6 decks)

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