Module 2

Question 1

A community health nurse determined exactly how many cases of a particular disease were currently occurring in the community. which of the following actions should the nurse take before determining what interventions should be planned?

Answer 1

Compare the current rate with the previous rate of disease

Question 2

When trying to determine whether the swine flu outbreak was getting worse, which of the following rates should be carefully observed?

Answer 2

the swine flu incidence rate

Question 3

People were very concerned about another outbreak of swine flu. All care providers were asked to report, without individual names, any new cases to the public health department for tracking. Which of the following would be most helpful for the local media to report to keep citizens informed?

Answer 3

The ongoing incidence rate.

Question 4

A student athlete receives a screening examination before being active in school sports. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used?

Answer 4

Secondary prevention

Question 5

On the basis of findings related to elevated blood levels of cholesterol, a researcher wanted to determine whether a new drug would notably lower the blood levels of cholesterol in otherwise healthy persons. Which of the following studies would the researcher most likely use?

Answer 5

experimental study

Question 6

A researcher is examining potential risk factors in comparison with disease at a specific time through collecting data regarding current exercise, sleep patterns , and current health status among 12-year-olds. Which of the following research studies would be most appropriate?

Answer 6

cross-sectional study

Question 7

A nurse wanted a screening test that was very sensitive in determining who might have a particular illness. What might be a problem with using such a sensitive test?

Answer 7

• persons who do not have the illness are told that they might, which leads to anxiety, as well as time and cost of follow-up diagnostic tests.
• such a test may have lower specificity, so some persons with the disease are told they are disease free and hence do not receive care.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the importance of discovering all of the variables that may be involved in creating a disease state in some persons?

Answer 8

finding variables that are susceptible to prevention or early intervention is important

Question 9

Which of the following groups should be used to determine the community’s pregnancy rate?

Answer 9

women between 15 and 45 years old in the community

Question 10

A researcher has limited time and funds. Which of the following research designs would be the most appropriate?

Answer 10

retrospective study

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a model that demonstrates the progression of disease from prepathogenesis pathogenesis through disease outcome?

Answer 11

natural history model

Question 12

Which of the following statements best describes why the incidence and prevalence of gonorrhea is unknown?

Answer 12

gonorrhea is not a reportable condition.

Question 13

A researcher wanted to engage in the best possible research design to obtain reliable information about the possible causes(s) of a disease. Which of the following designs would the researcher choose?

Answer 13

prospective study

Question 14

An epidemiologis is gathering data to determine which factors may lead to disease. Which of the following data will be gathered?

Answer 14

• when disease struck the area
• geographic data
• demographic characteristics

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the advantage of the web of causation model in comparison with the epidemiological triangle model?

Answer 15

the web of causation model shows the relationships among variables

Question 16

Which of the following research studies would determine the attributable risk of a sedentary lifestyle in cardiac disease?

Answer 16

subtracting the rate of cardiac disease among athletes from the rate of cardiac disease among non-athletes

Question 17

Two brothers played with their cousin. One brother later became quite ill, whereas the other did not. Which of the following provides the best explanation for this occurrence?

Answer 17

difference in genetic inheritance between the two brothers

Question 18

A researcher, interested in the onset of early menses, compared the life experiences and history of 1000 14-year-old girls, half of whom had monthly periods and half of whom did not, to determine what variables might be observed. Which of the following would be the most appropriate categorization of this study?

Answer 18

retrospective study

Question 19

In a particular community, the rate of new cases of diabetes and the rate of new cases of flu during the month of Jan were precisely the same. Which disease would have the higher prevalence rate?

Answer 19

As a chronic condition, diabetes would have the higher prevalence rate.

Question 20

Which of the following factors are necessary to assume there might be a cause-effect relationship between a particular variable A and a specific illness?

Answer 20

• it is easy to understand how the variable A could lead to illness.
• The more of variable A present, the sicker the person becomes
• research studies consistently demonstrate a relationship between variable A and the illness.

Question 21

Which of the following best describes the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?

Answer 21

It implemented unethical and racist treatment of uninformed subjects.

Question 22

For which of the following would a screening test be most appropriate?

Answer 22

Disease B, which can be controlled if caught early in the disease process.

Question 23

A client has developed pellagra because of a lack of certain B vitamins. Which of the following best describes the classification of the nutritional deficiency?

Answer 23

agent factor

Question 24

One hundred women received notification that their screening tests suggested tat they might have a serious health problem. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to ensure that they will complete follow-up testing?

Answer 24

point out that screening is only suggestive and that not all positive screenings mean they actually have the health problem.

Question 25

Which of the following is the most effective way to determine if Healthy People 2020 is improving the health of Americans?

Answer 25

comprehensive and systematically collected surveillance data on the health status of various population groups

Question 26

Which of the following best describes the advantage of the ecosocial epidemiology model over both the web of causation model and the epidemiological triangle model?

Answer 26

• it emphasizes the role of complex political and economic context.
• It decreases the focus on the individual person.
• Its use suggests possible public policy interventions

Question 27

Which of the following information must be analyzed to derive an adequate explanation of disease?

Answer 27

• description of commonalities among those who became ill
• depiction of the possible pathogen
• portrayal of the geographic area where people became ill

Question 28

Which of the following has been determined to be a major variable in transmission of sexually transmitted infections?

Answer 28

• the environment in which the hosts live.

Question 29

Which of the following best describes the importance of discovering all of the variables that may be involved in creating a disease state in the same persons?

Answer 29

finding variables that are susceptible to prevention or early intervention is important

Question 30

An epidemiologist has written a summary of a food poisoning outbreak, including its cause and ways to prevent it from occurring in the future. Which of the following best describes what has been done?

Answer 30

descriptive epidemiology

Question 31

One famous study followed a cohort of nurses over their lives, collecting data and health histories as they aged. Which of the following would be the most appropriate categorization of this study?

Answer 31

prospective study

Question 32

Which of the following is one of the most frequent health complaints of school-aged children.

Answer 32

dental caries

Question 33

Which of the following best describes how schools can determine what their school health education priorities should include?

Answer 33

• provide opportunities for students to practice decision-making skills
• choose priorities according to which behaviors lead to avoidable problems
• make priorities consistent with the six topics identified by Healthy People 2020

Question 34

Which of the following best describes how Lillian Wald helped encourage the idea of school nurses in the schools?

Answer 34

she demonstrated that school nurses decreased absenteeism by 50%.

Question 35

Which of the following does the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT) service include in its routine screening that may not be included in a typical private physician preschool physical?

Answer 35

lead toxicity screenings

Question 36

Which of the following medications can a school nurse expect to most frequently administer?

Answer 36

ADHD medications

Question 37

Everyone is talking about the disaster that has been widely seen on the news programs. Which of the following suggestions would be most appropriate for the nurse to make at this time?

Answer 37

That the school should develop an emergency management plan.

Question 38

Which of the following best explains why the school nurse and the principal athletic director of the school would frequently be working together?

Answer 38

both are extremely concerned with the typical student’s low amount of physical exercise and what to create an intervention plan.

Question 39

Which of the following health problems continues to increase in school-aged and adolescent children?

Answer 39

obesity and related problems (diabetes)