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Integrative Neuroimmunology > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the biggest factor driving the release of aldosterone?

A

The renin angiotensin system (fluid, potassium, sodium)

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2
Q

List 3 ways to increase the body’s removal of estrogen?

A

a. Increased intake of fibre and fat combined together
b. Balance gut bacteria (reduce SIBO)
c. Decrease exogenous estrogens
d. Reduce alcohol consumption
e. Reduce Cortisol

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3
Q

`. Are high levels of aldosterone or low levels more detrimental to the body?

A

Decreased aldosterone levels can lead to altered cardiac function

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4
Q

What is the primary effect of cortisol on blood sugars?

A

Increases blood sugar levels (resistance)

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5
Q

What effect does chronic elevation of cortisol do the balance between aerobic and
anaerobic systems?

A

Drives toward anaerobic

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6
Q

What neurotransmitter does NOT undergo homotropic modulation?

A

Acetyl Choline

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7
Q

What effect does decreased T3 have on neurotransmitter function?

A

Reduced ability of the post-synaptic neuron to propagate an action potential due to
a decrease in the release of synaptic vesicles from the presynaptic bouton

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8
Q

Does cortisol inhibit insulin secretion?

A

a. No.
b. Long term elevation of cortisol decreases insulin receptor sensitivity
c. Cortisone directly inhibits insulin secretion

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9
Q

List three peripheral consequences for gluconeogenesis with respect to amino acids?

A

a. Loss of muscle tissue/mass
b. Loss of tendon structure/integrity
c. Loss of neuronal integrity and precursor amino acids for NT production

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10
Q

How does increased estrogen effect CRH levels?

A

Actively drives CRH production due to increased hypothalamic transcription

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11
Q

List two things that will affect the function of GABA?

A

a. Cortisol levels driving carbohydrate dysregulation
b. Hypothyroidism – reduced GAD 65 function
c. GAD autoimmunity (normally gluten derived)
d. Decreased levels of biotin which afffects GABA binding (gut dysfunction drives decreased biotin availability)

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12
Q

List three consequences of increased SHBG?

A

a. Increased estrogen / decreased testosterone
b. Estrogen based heterotropic modulation
c. Testosterone based heterotropic modulation

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13
Q

What is the best way to measure cortisol levels in the body?

A

Cortisol salivary

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14
Q

What is pregnenolone steal and when would you expect to see this in a patient’s history?

A

a. Pregnenolone steal is where upregulated cortisol production utilises the vast
majority of pregnenolone which results in a decreased ability of the body to produce
other steroid hormones (DHEA and sex hormones)
b. The patient’s history would have a history of chronic HPA dysfunction and long term
associated symptoms of this

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15
Q

If an OPK tape was run from the patients left to their right what muscle pattern weakness
would you expect to see if there was a HPA problem?

A

a. Left PMS inhibition

b. Right quadriceps and lats

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16
Q

Pineal Gland has what major function?

A

a. Controls the PVN
b. Regulates melatonin
c. Circadian rhythm

17
Q

The diaphragm influences the HPA Axis by what means?

A

Increases vagal tone therefore reducing cortisol and increasing melatonin

18
Q

What type of light influences the pineal? List 3 (patient) things to aid in pineal function?

A

a. Blue Light
b. Keep light at night as red as possible (warm globes)
c. Blue light filters at night
d. Dim light in evening
e. Full spectrum lights during day

19
Q

When is it OK to manipulate the full HPA Axis patient?

A

Once the HPA treatment protocol is completed

20
Q

What is the purpose of the OPK reflex?

A

To monitor the input into the CNS and find the point of maximal treatment per
session

21
Q

What should you do if the OPK reflex pattern fails to occur?

A

Go back and check 1a interneuron corrections

22
Q

TL to the coccyx is an indication for what?

A

Need for HPA dysfunction if Cx not subluxated

23
Q 
The SCN and PVN nuclei of the Hypothalamus are critical for HPA Axis function. What
function do they have?
A

a. PVN stimulates HPA producing cortisol

b. SCN inhibits the PVN (light inhibits the SCN)

24
Q

A correlation with AK has been found with CRH levels and what AK findings? How does this
correlate with non-AK findings?

A

GB1 with eyes in distortion. Glabella temperature changes have been associated
with I. Carotid blood flow changes potentially affecting hypothalamic function

25
Q

Pituitary function is strongly influenced by dysfunction in which bone? Why is this? How can
this be detected with AK?

A

a. Sphenoid
b. Pituitary sits in sella turcica and is wrapped in dura. Sphenoid dysfunction can cause
irritation to pituitary infundibulum directly and/or blood flow to pituitary

26
Q

Pineal dysfunction can be detected through which AK testing procedure? Through which
Laboratory procedure?

A

a. Light deprivation tests
b. TL of ST5
c. Salivary melatonin

27
Q

Pineal dysfunction is closely associated with which psychiatric condition?

A

bipolar

28
Q

Aldosterone seems associated with which AK detected dysfunction?

A

CS meridian

29
Q

Which neonatal reflex is closely associated with HPA Axis dysfunction?

A

Palmar

30
Q

Which point is stimulated to normalize hypothalamic function?

A

GB1

31
Q

Is there a point used to stimulate pituitary function?

A

Pituitary NL may stimulate function

32
Q

Sensitivity to which substance must be checked after correcting the Circulation Sex
Meridian?

A

a. D/L phenylalanine

b. Avoid aspartame

33
Q

Provide 5 reasons why Adrenal dysfunction may recur

A

a. Excessive physical activity
b. Excessive lifestyle stress
c. Recurrent stimulant use
d. Cortisone pharmaceuticals
e. Blood sugar dysregulation
f. Hormonal supplements

34
Q

Which virus is closely associated with adrenal dysfunction?

A

EBVdrives cortisol to encourage replication. Infection is directly associated with
cortisol changes

35
Q

Dysfunction in which immune related receptor can drive the HPA Axis? What is this due to?

A

a. VDR (vitamin D receptor)

b. Infection is the most common cause

36
Q

What is peak time for melatonin production and why can supplementation dangerous?

A

a. Melatonin peaks at 2am

b. Supplementation can inhibit normal production and rhythm

37
Q

What is generally the last step in the OPK reflex-HPA Axis treatment protocol?

A

Occipital Yaw

Integrative Neuroimmunology (8 decks)

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