Module 2

Question 1

The first concept about truth is rooted in an ancient Greek philosophy’s con knowledge as:

Answer 1

justified, true belief

Question 2

What are the three conditions wherein the concept “justified, true belief” rests on?

Answer 2

true things known, something is true when you believe it to be true, there is justification for such belief

Question 3

This theory states that something is true if it corresponds to reality or the actual state of affairs.

Answer 3

Correspondence Theory

Question 4

This theory states that something is true if it makes sense when placed in a certain situation or context. Based on this theory, there is a possibility that there will be varied “truths” from different perspectives.

Answer 4

Coherence Theory

Question 5

______ is a philosophical concept which contends that there are no absolute truths

Answer 5

Relativism

Question 6

This theory holds that knowledge is shaped by social forces and influenced by culture and history.

Answer 6

Constructivist Theory

Question 7

This theory views knowledge as based on agreement, and that something is true if almost everyone agrees that it is true

Answer 7

Consensus Theory

Question 8

This theory holds the view that something is true if we can put it into practice
useful in real life.

Answer 8

Pragmatic

Question 9

Considers that ideas must be verified using the senses experience

Answer 9

Verificationism

Question 10

Arguments that are based on faulty argumentations

Answer 10

Fallacies

Question 11

attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself

Answer 11

ad hominem

Question 12

using the threat of force or an undesirable event to advance an argument

Answer 12

appeal to force

Question 13

using emotions such as pity or sympathy

Answer 13

appeal to emotion

Question 14

the idea is presented as acceptable because a lot of people accept

Answer 14

appeal to the popular

Question 15

the idea is acceptable because it has been true for a long time

Answer 15

appeal to tradition

Question 16

assuming the thing or idea to be proven is true; also known as “circular argument”

Answer 16

begging the question

Question 17

assuming a “cause-and-effect” relationship between unrelated events

Answer 17

cause-and-effect

Question 18

assuming that what is true for a part is true for the whole

Answer 18

fallacy of composition

Question 19

assuming that what is true for the whole is true for its parts

Answer 19

fallacy of division

Question 20

_____ are generally established truths that are verifiable and do not easily change from one situation to another.

Answer 20

facts

Question 21

_____ are more subjective and may express certain views and beliefs

Answer 21

opinions

Question 22

refer to tendencies or influences which affect the views of people or the personal views of the person presenting it

Answer 22

biases

Question 23

tendency to judge a person’s personality by his or her actions, without regard for external factors or influences

Answer 23

correspondence bias

Question 24

tendency to look for and readily accept information to fit with one’s own beliefs or views and to reject ideas or views that go against it

Answer 24

confirmation bias

Question 25

focusing on a certain aspect of a problem while ignoring other aspects

Answer 25

framing

Question 26

the tendency to see past events as predictable, or to ascribe a pattern to historical events

Answer 26

hindsight

Question 27

a person or group is connected to or has a vested interest in the issue being discussed

Answer 27

conflict of interest

Question 28

analyzing an event or issue based on one’s cultural standards

Answer 28

cultural bias