Module 2: Acids Flashcards
Name the 4 types of bases
- Metal Oxide
- Metal hydroxide
- Metal carbonate
- Ammonia (NH3)
Name the common alkalis
- Magnesium oxide
- Barium oxide
- Magnesium hydroxide
- Sodium hydroxide
- Potassium hydroxide
- Ammonia
Name common bases
- Aluminium hydroxide
- Sodium carbonate
- Aluminium oxide
Name the acids you need to know
- HCL
- H2SO4
- HNO3
- H3PO4
- HCOOH (methanoic acid)
- CH3COOH (ethanoic acid)
- CH3CH2COOH (propanoic acid)
Define acid
Releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution
Define strong acid
Completely dissociates when dissolved in water.
Define weak acid
Only slightly dissociates in water to give an equilibrium mixture
Define a base
A substance which neutralises acids
Define alkalis
A soluble base which releases OH- ions in an aqueous solution
How do you determine state symbols?
- Metals are solid.
- Salts in solution are aqueous
- Any ion is aqueous
- Acids/alkalis are aqueous
What do salts do In water?
Soluble salts e.g NaCl dissolve In water to form aqueous ions.
How do you make up a standardised solution?
- Weigh out an accurate mass of solid in a clean dry beaker.
- Add deionised water to dissolve the solid and stir with a glass rod.
- Transfer the solution into a volumetric flask using a funnel.
- Rinse the beaker, stirring rod and funnel with deionised water and transfer the washings to the volumetric flask.
- Add deionised water to the volumetric flask to make up to the graduation mark. Use a dropping pipette when close to the mark as going beyond the mark will result in an unknown concentration.
- Stopper the flask and invert to mix thoroughly and ensure a homogenous solution.
How would you carry out a titration between an unknown concentration of HCl and NaOH?
- Pour hydrochloric acid into a beaker and measure out 25cm^3 of HCl using a pipette and a pipette filler.
- Transfer to a conical flask.
- Fill burette with NaOH and take the initial reading to two decimal places.
- Add a few drops of methyl orange or phenolphthalein indicator.
- Add NaOH until the indicator colour changes (in this instance it should be colourless to pink or orange to pink) as this indicates neutralisation.
- Take final readings to 2 decimal places on burette. This is your volume required for neutralisation (titre value).
What happens when you react metal oxides with water?
Alkali + water —–> X+ + OH-
What do metal hydroxides do in water?
They dissociate to produce hydroxide ions and metal ion.
How does ammonia react with water?
It reacts with water to produce NH4+ + OH-
What’s the definition of a salt?
A chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid and a base with all or part of the hydrogen of the acid is replaced by a metal or other cation.
What is the result of reacting a base with an acid?
Salt + water
What’s the result of reacting an acid with an alkali?
Salt + water
What happens when you react an acid with a carbonate?
You get a salt + carbon dioxide + water
What happens when you react ammonia (NH3) with an acid?
You get an ammonium salt (NH4Cl)