Module 2: Alcohols, Thiols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones

Question 1

what functional group do alcohols include?

Answer 1

OH - hydroxyl group

Question 2

what does OH replace to become an alcohol

Answer 2

replaces an H atom

Question 3

fermentation creates:

Answer 3

ethanol, an alcohol

Question 4

what is an alcohol?

Answer 4

a hydrocarbon with an OH (hydroxyl group)

Question 5

what is a phenol?

Answer 5

a benzene ring with an OH (hydroxyl group) added

Question 6

what is a thiol?

Answer 6

a hydrocarbon with a sulfur atom (SH)

Question 7

what does thiol replace with sulfur atoms?

Answer 7

hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon

Question 8

what is an ether?

Answer 8

an oxygen molecule sandwiched between 2 molecules

Question 9

what is the functional group of an ether?

Answer 9

-O- (oxygen atom)

Question 10

what is the functional group of a thiol?

Answer 10

a thiol group (-SH)

Question 11

How to name an alcohol?

Answer 11

add (ol) at the end of a word

methane–> methanol

Question 12

how many carbons needed to number carbon subs for alcohol?

Answer 12

3 or more, number starts on the OH group

Question 13

what are cyclic alcohols called?

Answer 13

cycloalkenol

Question 14

what is methanol’s common name?

Answer 14

methyl alcohol

Question 15

what is the use of methyl alcohol(methanol)?

Answer 15

solvents, paint remover, dangerous if ingested

Question 16

what is ethanol’s common name

Answer 16

ethyl alcohol

Question 17

what are common uses of ethanol?

Answer 17

drinking alcohol, perfume, gas

Question 18

1-2 ethanedrol common name??

Answer 18

ethylene glycol

Question 19

what is antifreeze?

Answer 19

ethylene glycol (1-2 ethanedrol)

Question 20

1-2-3- propanetriol common name

Answer 20

glycerol/glycerin

Question 21

uses of glycerol?

Answer 21

used in cosmetics, softens skin

Question 22

bisphenol A common name

Answer 22

BPA

Question 23

what is BPA?

Answer 23

a type of plastic thats bad

Question 24

how to name thiols?

Answer 24

add thiol to end of longest c chain

Question 25

methanethiol purpose

Answer 25

strong bad smell added to methane gas so we can smell it

Question 26

how are ethers named?

Answer 26

only has a common name: the 2 groups in alphabetical order, then ether at the end

Question 27

how many classes of alcohols are there?

Answer 27

3 classes: primary, secondary, tertiary

Question 28

what is a primary alc?

Answer 28

1 alkyl attached to the carbon with OH on it

Question 29

what is secondary alc?

Answer 29

2 alkyl groups attached to the carbon w OH on it

Question 30

what is tertiary alc?

Answer 30

3 alkyl groups attached to the carbon w OH on it

Question 31

are alcohols water soluble?

Answer 31

YES because the OH bonds with H and O from water

Question 32

what does miscible mean/

Answer 32

any amount of the solution is soluble in water

Question 33

the polarity of OH _____ as carbon chain ______

Answer 33

decreases; increases

Question 34

what length of carbon chain are alcohols soluble?

Answer 34

4 carbons = slightly soluble

Question 35

what length of carbon chain are alcohols no longer soluble?

Answer 35

5+ carbon chain= not soluble

Question 36

is phenol soluble?

Answer 36

slightly soluble because of OH

Question 37

phenol is commonly used as a?

Answer 37

antiseptic/disinfectant BUT corrosive :(

Question 38

what does hand sanitizer contain?

Answer 38

glycerin and ethanol

Question 39

what two molecules both have a carbonyl group (C=O)

Answer 39

aldehydes and ketones

Question 40

are aldehydes polar or non polar?

Answer 40

polar because the O atom has a -ve charge (2 lone pair e-) and the C has a +ve charge

Question 41

are ketones polar or non polar?

Answer 41

polar because the O atom has a -ve charge (2 lone pair e-) and the C has a +ve charge

Question 42

what is a carbonyl group?

Answer 42

C=O

Question 43

how does an aldehyde bond a carbonyl group?

Answer 43

bonds with 1 C at the end of the chain and an H

Question 44

how does a ketone bond a carbonyl group?

Answer 44

bonds with 2 alkyl groups in the middle

Question 45

how to name aldehyde?

Answer 45

end it with 'al'

Question 46

do aldehydes need numbers?

Answer 46

no because always at the end of the chain

Question 47

what aldehydes use common names?

Answer 47

1 - 4 C chains use common names

Question 48

what is common name for methanal

Answer 48

formaldehyde

Question 49

what is common name for ethanal

Answer 49

acetaldehyde

Question 50

what is common name for propanal

Answer 50

propionaldehyde

Question 51

what is common name for butanal

Answer 51

butyraldehyde

Question 52

what does 'form' rep?

Answer 52

1 in common term

Question 53

what does 'acet' rep?

Answer 53

2 in common term

Question 54

what does 'propion' rep?

Answer 54

3 in common term

Question 55

what does 'butyr' rep?

Answer 55

4 in common term

Question 56

if a benzene is added to an aldehyde how do you name it?

Answer 56

benzaldehyde