Module 2 - Anatomy + Movement Assessment (from slide 39)

Question 1

Importance of observance of human form + movement?

Answer 1

• Skill development: coaching, training, injury risk reduction
• Clinical: retaining, recovery, rehabilitation
• Occupational (related to HFE): task training, injury risk reduction

Question 2

What is HFE?

Answer 2

Human factors/ergonomics: applications of theoretical principles, data, + methods to aspects of workplace design to optimize human well-being
- HFE design: fitting env. to human –> performance + well-being

Question 3

What are the 3 domains of HFE?

Answer 3

Organizational, cognitive, physical

Question 4

Organizational HFE domain examples

Answer 4

Work on the go, communication, working times, organization culture, quality management

Question 5

Cognitive HFE domain examples

Answer 5

Accident investigation, mental workload, usability, training, decision making, human/computer interactions

Question 6

Physical HFE domain examples

Answer 6

Injury prevention, workplace layout + design, postures, manual tasks, repetitive movements

Question 7

Tips for movement observation

Answer 7

• Describe using correct language
• Line of sight (perp. to plane of motion)
• Diff. b/w static + dynamic situations (image vs video)
• Focus on 1 joint in 1 plane at a time
• Organization when examining multiple joints (create table)
• Record to review (perp. camera position)

Question 8

Static movement observation

Answer 8

• Static postures/positions
• Provide description of joint(s) relative to anatomical/neutral position
• Provide estimate of joint angle based on adjacent body segments
• Isolate joint in specific plane (no distractions by position of proximal segment/other joints)

Question 9

Dynamic movement observation

Answer 9

• Assessing changes in joint(s) angle over time/during phases
• Excellent understanding of movement (+ anatomy) to become efficient assessing multisegment dynamic movements
• Evaluating over time –> req. repeated observations of cycle/movement (video important aid)
• Ability to evaluate joint motion over time is difficult but important skill –> develop movement assessment skills

Question 10

Describing joint angles

Answer 10

Describe angle created by long axis of two body segments about a joint

Question 11

Joint angles in neutral position

Answer 11

• Shoulder: 0
• Hip: 180
• Knee: 180
• Ankle: 90

Question 12

Gait cycle

Answer 12

2 phases
- Stance phase (60%): initiated when foot strikes ground + ends when lifted
- Swing phase (40%): initiated when foot is lifted + ends when strikes ground again

1 complete cycle –> heel strike of one foot to the heel strike of the same foot
1 gait cycle –> 1 stride (2 steps)
1 step –> 1/2 stride/gait cycle

Question 13

Stance phase

Answer 13

Heel strike (initial contact) –> foot flat (loading response) –> midstance (single-leg stance) –> heel off (terminal stance) –> toe off (pre-swing)

Question 13

Swing phase

Answer 13

Acceleration (initial swing) –> midswing –> deceleration (terminal swing)