Module 2: Aphasia Defined Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
murray & clark, aphasia definition
A
a disruption in using and understanding language following neurological injury or disease that is not related to general intellectual decline or sensorimotor deficits; any language modality may be affected, including speaking, listening, writing, and reading
2
Q
aphasia is a ___-modality language impairment
A
multi
3
Q
true or false: aphasia is an acquired disorder (+)
A
true; it is not congenital nor due to poor development
4
Q
the most common cause of aphasia is ___
A
stroke
5
Q
the primary complaint and most noticeable symptom of aphasia is ___
A
anomia, aka naming difficulties
6
Q
“can you hand me the… er… remote?”
name the speech symptom
A
anomic pause
7
Q
“can you hand me the TV?”
name the speech symptom
A
semantic paraphasia
8
Q
“can you hand me the rebote?”
name the speech symptom
A
phonemic paraphasia
9
Q
“can you hand me the… other there… the clicker… for the TV?”
name the speech symptom
A
anomic circumlocution
10
Q
“can you hand me the jazzlepam?”
name the speech symptom
A
neoligism
11
Q
“griss me the jazzlepam”
name the speech symptom
A
jargon
12
Q
“you… uh… remote?”
name the speech symptom
A
agrammatism
13
Q
“fast the jazzleman on the choose”
name the speech symptom
A
paragrammatism (misuse grammar and syntax) / empty speech (reduction-misuse of content words)
14
Q
true or false: if the patient does not have naming problems, they are considered nonaphasic
A
true
15
Q
patient has poor repetition (3)
A
broca’s, wernicke’s, conduction
16
Q
patient has good repetition (3)
A
transcortical motor, transcortical sensory, anomic
17
Q
nonfluent : effortful, pause-filled halting speech : ___
A
agrammatism / telegraphic speech
18
Q
patient is fluent (4)
A
wernicke’s, transcortical sensory, conduction, anomic
19
Q
patient is nonfluent (3)
A
global, broca’s, transcortical motor
20
Q
fluency : articulatory agility-ease / speech rate :: auditory comprehension : ___
A
discriminating speech sounds, recognizing whole words, accessing-activating meaning of words
21
Q
patient has poor auditory comprehension (3)
A
global, wernicke’s, transcortical sensory
22
Q
patient has good auditory comprehension (4)
A
broca’s, transcortical motor, conduction, anomic
23
Q
alexia : acquired dyslexia : ___
A
reading difficulties
24
Q
agraphia : acquired dysgraphia : ___
A
writing difficulties
25
true or false: all patients with aphasia will have some reading impairments
true
26
swinging a bat to trigger the word "baseball" is an example of ___ incorporated into naming treatments
gesture
27
drawing of persons with aphasia ___
tend to lack detail
28
what observation in aphasic patients leverage the argument that they have reduced access?
persons with aphasia may not be able to to a language task one day but the next day, they can (their performance is variable)
29
WAB
western aphasia battery
30
BDAE
boston diagnostic aphasia examination
31
symptoms of the connectionist classification system (4, in order)
naming, fluency, auditory comprehension, repetition
32
patient: poor naming, nonfluent, poor auditory comprehension
global: most severe form of aphasia; damage to anterior and posterior language zones; will evolve into another aphasia type
33
patient: poor naming, nonfluent, good auditory comprehension, poor repetition
broca's: speech is often agramamtic / telegraphic; damage to broca's area
34
patient: poor naming, fluent, poor auditory comprehension, poor repetition
wernicke's: errors are usually word substitutions / sound substitutions
35
patient: poor naming, nonfluent, good auditory comprehension, good repetition
transcortical motor: damage to periphery of perisylvian language zone of the frontal lobe
36
patient: poor naming, fluent, poor auditory comprehension, good repetition
transcortical sensory: damage to periphery of perisylvian language zone of the temporal lobe
37
patient: poor naming, fluent, good auditory comprehension, poor repetition
conduction: damage to arcuate fasciculus (fibers connecting wernicke's to broca's)
38
patient: poor naming, fluent, good auditory comprehension, good repetition
anomic: mildest, usually small lesions
39
jackson's definition of aphasia (8)
acquired language and communication disorder; loss / impairment of language skills; due to neurological incident; does not affect intelligence; lifelong, cannot be cured; usually due to stroke; multimodal; can occur with other cognitive impairments
40
RHD
right hemisphere disorder
41
which one describes communication after right hemisphere damage:
1. problems with phonology and lexical-semantics but good pragmatics
2. poor pragmatics and discourse skills but relatively good phonology and lexical-semantics
2; other one describes aphasia
42
what is described by the following:
the right hemisphere is adept at activating the less prototypical or distant semantic attributes / meanings of concepts / words; "rotten" to "apple"
course coding hypothesis
43
as in the course coding hypothesis, give central meanings of "apple"
red, fruit, tree, juice, pie, green, crisp, tart, sweet
44
as in the course coding hypothesis, give distant associations of "apple"
rotten, good, bad, eye, fall, a day, big, cart
45
suppression deficit hypothesis
to automatically suppress meanings that are not associated with the context; difficult in RHD persons
46
persons with right hemisphere damage have poor ___
pragmatics
47
RHD : deficits in the expression-comprehension of pitch, duration, loudness, pause time, and emotion : ___
aprosodia
48
although both hemispheres play a role in prosody, the ___ hemisphere is dominant for interpreting the meaning, intent, or significance of emotional prosody
right
49
___ prosody : signals intent or creates emphasis :: emotional prosody : conveys emotion
linguistic
50
the main communication difficulties of persons with right hemisphere damage is NOT due to primary language problems (word finding, auditory comprehension, etc.), but due to ___
interpreting the messages of others and maintaining a conversational topic
51
anosognosia
problems with deficit awareness; impaired awareness of deficits and / or reduced insight into how those deficits affect daily functioning
52
___ problems : most common after RHD :: memory problems : next common after RHD
attention
53
neglect syndrome : decreased ability to detect, orient toward, or respond to stimuli on the side of space opposite to the lesion : ___ (if RHD)
left neglect (if RHD)
54
barriers of anosognosia (3)
poor deficit awareness; left neglect (common); poor motivation / adherence to rehabilitation
55
___ problems are likely to be seen in RHD patients where damage is in the right frontal lobe
executive function
56
TBI
traumatic brain injury
57
in traumatic brain injury, cognitive-lingustic impairments will vary depending on the ___
stage of recovery
58
list the TBI stages of recovery (in order)
period of impaired consciousness; post-traumatic amnesia / phase of severe confusion-disorientation; rapid recovery phase (3 - 6 months); long-term plateau recovery phase (recovery is gradual)
59
coma : unresponsive to internal-external stimuli :: vegetative state : open eyes but does not demonstrate voluntary behavior :: ___ : alert but with significant cognitive impairments
post-traumatic amnesia
60
GCS
glaslow coma scale
61
the glaslow coma scale measures ___ (3)
eye, verbal, motor (responsiveness)
62
minimum glaslow score : ___ :: maximum glaslow score : 15
3
63
what range on the glaslow coma scale indicates a person who is in coma?
3 - 8
64
a coma lasting less than one day is associated with ___ recovery; a coma lasting more than three weeks is associated with ___
good; severe disability
65
rancho los amigo scale : LCFS : ___
level of cognitive functioning scale
66
open head injury : contents (brain) of fractured skull are visible :: closed head injury : ___
skull is not penetrated, brain is not exposed
67
primary damage : damage via external-mechanical forces :: secondary damage : ___
edema (increased inter cranial pressure) and infections
68
true or false: in post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), attention problems are often severe (+)
true; impaired alertness and orienting to stimuli can be observed in PTA patients
69
true or false: severity of attention problems correlates with severity of patients' TBI (+)
true; someone with mild TBI may be able to execute some types of attention, but eventually fatigue
70
retrograde amnesia : loss of longterm memories created before injury :: ___ : ability to form new memories after injury
anterograde amnesia
71
which one do patients with TBI have more difficulty: executive-mental operations OR buffer-retention
executive-mental operations
72
rehearsal, semantic clustering, and chunking are all examples of ___
encoding strategies
73
describe the relationship between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the frontal lobe (2)
due to the nature of TBIs, the frontal lobes are often damaged; executive functioning problems are common because the frontal lobe plays a primary role in executive functioning
74
the frontal lobe is damaged. what problems may persist?
if executive functioning: disinhibition, anosognosia (poor deficit awareness); concrete-inflexible problem solving / reasoning; poor initiation, poor planning, poor attention, poor memory
75
intellectual awareness : knowing you have a problem :: : ___ awareness : knowing a problem is occurring in real-time :: predictive-anticipatory awareness : knowing you'll have difficulty with an upcoming task
online
76
true or false: severity of awareness issues correlates with severity of patients' TBI (+)
true; if patient is more severe, will likely have issues with all kinds of awareness
77
what can be inferred from a patient with diffuse damage after traumatic brain injury
communication difficulties (due to affected left-hem language processing regions) will be secondary to cognitive processes (attention, memory, executive functioning); there is a COMBINATION of linguistic and cognitive-linguistic communication problems
78
true or false: communication difficulties in TBI are at the discourse and pragmatic level and their communication difficulties resemble difficulties seen in patients with RHD
true
79
two facts about anomia and traumatic brain injury (2)
seen more in persons with TBI than in persons with aphasia; the complaint is slow activation of words rather than inability to think of a word
80
discourse and pragmatic difficulties in persons with traumatic brain injury (6)
poor topic management; poor turn-taking; poor referencing; poor discourse informativeness; poor story sequencing; difficulty processing nonliteral / implied content
81
dementia definition
cognitive, communication, and behavioral changes occurring in the context of a progressive medical-neurological condition; commonly affecting memory, visual-spatial, language, attention, and executive functioning
82
true or false: the term dementia is given once the persons' cognitive decline significantly impairs their social and occupational functioning (+)
true; if they have cognitive impairment with age but can still function pretty well, they are termed with mild cognitive impairment and will eventually develop dementia
83
cortical dementias : ___ and ___ :: subcortical dementias : ___ and ___
alzheimer's and pick's disease; parkinson's and huntington's
84
symptom categories in persons with dementia (5)
perceptual problems; attention problems; mere problems; executive functioning problems; communication problems
85
define the following perceptual problems in persons with dementia: prosopagnosia; achromatopsia; auditory agnosia
prosopagnosia (poor facial recognition); achromatopsia (poor color perception); auditory agnosia (poor sound recognition)
86
true or false: attention problems are the first symptoms of the onset of dementia
true
87
true or false: in the end stage of dementia, all forms of memory are impaired
true
88
what type of dementia has the most pronounced executive functioning problems?
frontotemporal demetia
