Module 2 - ATM - Standard and Reduced Separation

Question 1

For standard runway separation, when may an arriving/departing ACFT commence its take-off/or land run after a preceding departing ACFT?

Answer 1

When the preceding departing ACFT has overflown the end of the RWY or is airborne and turning to avoid any conflict.

Question 2

For standard runway separation, when may an arriving/departing ACFT commence its take-off/or land run after a preceding landing ACFT?

Answer 2

When the preceding landing ACFT has vacated the RWY.

Question 3

What factors allow reduced runway separation?

Answer 3

• Appropriate ATS authority decides after consultation with the operators.
• Safety assessment shall be carried out for each RWY for which the reduced minima are intended, taking into account factors such as RWY length, AD layout and types/categories of ACFT involved.
• Only permitted during daylight.
• It shall not apply between a departing ACFT and a preceding landing ACFT.

Question 4

What are the conditions for reduced runway separation?

Answer 4

• Wake turbulence separation shall be applied.
• Visibility ≥5km and ceiling not lower than 1000ft.
• Tailwind component shall not exceed 5kts.
• There shall be available means (e.g suitable landmarks) to assist the controller in assessing distances between ACFT - a surface surveillance system may be used.
• Minimum separation continues to exist between two departing ACFT immediately after TKOF of the second ACFT.
• Traffic information shall be provided to the succeeding ACFT.
• Braking action not adversely affected by RWY contaminants such as ice, slush, snow, water, etc.

Question 5

With regards to reduced runway separation, what are the 3 aircraft categories?

Answer 5

Category 1: Single engine prop ACFT with MTOM of 2000kg or less.

Category 2: Single engine prop ACFT with MTOM of more than 2000kg but less than 7000kg and twin engine prop ACFT with MTOM of 7000kg or less.

Category 3: All other ACFT.

Question 6

A landing category 1 aircraft may cross the runway threshold when the preceding category 1/2 aircraft…

Answer 6

Has landed and passed a point at least 600m from the threshold of the RWY, is in motion and will vacate the RWY without backtracking.

or

Is airborne and has passed a point at least 600m from the threshold of the RWY.

Question 7

A landing category 2 aircraft may cross the runway threshold when the preceding category 1/2 aircraft…

Answer 7

Has landed and passed a point at least 1500m from the threshold of the RWY, is in motion and will vacate the RWY without backtracking.

or

Is airborne and has passed a point at least 1500m from the threshold of the RWY.

Question 8

A landing category 1/2/3 aircraft may cross the runway threshold when the preceding category 3 aircraft…

Answer 8

Has landed and passed a point at least 2400m from the threshold of the RWY, is in motion and will vacate the RWY without backtracking.

or

Is airborne and has passed a point at least 2400m from the threshold of the RWY.

Question 9

A category 1 aircraft may be cleared for takeoff when the preceding category 1/2 aircraft…

Answer 9

Is airborne and has passed a point at least 600m from the position of the succeeding ACFT.

Question 10

A category 2 aircraft may be cleared for takeoff when the preceding category 1/2 aircraft…

Answer 10

Is airborne and has passed a point at least 1500m from the position of the succeeding ACFT.

Question 11

A category 1/2/3 aircraft may be cleared for takeoff when the preceding category 3 aircraft…

Answer 11

Is airborne and has passed a point at least 2400m from the position of the succeeding ACFT.