Module 2 Care of Child with Respiratory, Cardiac, and Hematology Disorders Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
What is the difference between an adult epiglottis and a child epiglottis
A
Child Epiglottis is smaller and may not close properly
2
Q
Define: Bronchiolitis
A
inflammation of the bronchioles
3
Q
What are 7 signs of Respiratory distress in a child
A
Flared Nostrils Cyanosis Grunting Wheezing Stridor Pallor Change in Respiratory and Cardiac Rate
4
Q
Flared nostrils are
A
Quivering nostrils
5
Q
Grunting in a child sounds like
A
An Oinking sound
6
Q
Respiratory distress in a child can lead to (3)
A
Restlessness and Air hunger
Dyspnea
7
Q
Circumoral pallor is
A
Pallor around mouth
8
Q
Cyanosis is a sign of
A
Severe Respiratory Distress
9
Q
What is the best position to put a child in for Respiratory Distress
A
High fowlers
10
Q
What are 4 things we can do for a child with Respiratory Distress (other than high fowlers)
A
Increase Humidity
Chest Physiotherapy (PT)
Increase Hydration
Control Temperature
11
Q
What should the O2 Sat be on a child and how do we check it
A
Above 92, on toes
12
Q
What disorder causes O2 Sat to be low
A
Cystic Fibrosis
13
Q
What is the best way to diagnose a Resp disorder in a child under 5
A
Pulse Ox, and ABG
14
Q
What are 2 nursing interventions for a child going into resp. tent
A
Dress kids with least clothes as possible
No Electronic or battery operated toys
15
Q
What is the preferred Resp tx. to admin Oxygen
A
Mask
16
Q
When do we use a Cannula to admin Oxygen
A
Older kids
17
Q
What can we use if a child has Bronchodilators
A
Nebulizer
18
Q
When performing postural drainage on a child, what position should we place them in
A
Side lying (across lap)
19
Q
How often should we perform Postural Drainage / Chest PT
A
3-4X day, 10-15 min
20
Q
A mechanical vest is used to help with
A
Cupping and Clapping
21
Q
When is the best time to perform postural drainage
A
In the Morn B4 Breakfast, during tx.
22
Q
What do we use on kids to perform Nasal Suctioning
A
Bulb Syringe
23
Q
How long can we perform suctioning on an infant
A
No longer than 5-10 seconds
24
Q
What are some immediate signs of Strep throat
A
Redness w/ white patches
25
If there is swelling in the middle of the throat what must we not do
Culture for Strep throat
26
Define Mononucleosis
Strep infection spread through Saliva
27
What can Mononucleosis lead to
Extreme lethargy
28
Strep throat can be tx with
Throat culture and Abx
29
If a child has more than 3 strep throats in a year what should we advise
Tonsillectomy
30
Kid snoring happens because of
Enlarged Tonsils
31
If child has any kind of blood disorder what must we not do
Tonsillectomy
32
What are 6 Nursing interventions of Post op care for Tonsillectomy
```
Position Side lying
Observe for swallowing (bleeding)
Ice collar for bleeding
Clear diet
No nose blowing
No hot fluids / soft foods
```
33
What Temp should we call M.D. for
101 +
34
How do we treat Obstructed airway for a child under 1 year old
Abdominal Thrust
35
How do we treat Obstructed airway for a child over 1 year old
Back blows
36
What are 3 common symptoms of Epiglottitis
Acutely ill
Drooling , agitation
Cherry red epiglottis
37
What are 2 important nursing interventions for a child with Epiglottitis
Trache at bedside
| Don't use tongue blade
38
What are 3 symptoms of Laryngotracheobronchitis
Stridor
Resp. Distress
"Seal like Bark"
39
What are 3 nursing interventions for Laryngotracheobronchitis
Cold air
Hot showers
Monitor O2 Sat
40
What are 3 symptoms of Bronchiolitis
Wheezing
Cyanosis
Dehydration
41
What are 3 Tx for Bronchiolitis
Abx
IV fluids INCREASE FLUIDS
O2 admin
42
RSV stand for
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
43
RSV is known for
Being most frequent hospitalization of children under 1
44
What is tx for RSV (2)
Increase Humidity
| Steroids (for inflammation)
45
What are 3 nursing interventions for RSV
Increase fluids
Nasal Suction PRN
Take O2
46
What are 4 S/S of Child Pneumonia
Fever
Anorexia
Shallow Respirations
SOB
47
What are 3 tx. for Child Pneumonia
Rest
Abx
IV fluids
48
Asthma is considered a
Dry Resp Disorder
49
What are 3 symptoms of Asthma
Wheezing
Dyspnea
Resp Distress
50
What are 4 tx. for Asthma
Bronchodilators
MDI
Nebulizers
Corticosteroids
51
What should we always have on hand for a child with Asthma
Adrenalin
52
What are the 3 main food allergies for Children
Peanuts
Dairy
Chocolate
53
Cystic Fibrosis leads to
Failure to thrive
54
What are 3 symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis
Failure to Thrive
Salty taste to skin
Meconium ileus
55
Meconium ileus is
no stool passed within 24 hours
56
How do we dx. Cystic Fibrosis (2)
Stool Analysis
| Sweat test
57
How might the stool be in a child with Cystic Fibrosis
Steatorrhea Large bulky Fatty Foul Smelling Stool
58
What are 6 Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis
```
COPD
Barrel Chest
Clubbed Fingers
Cor Pulmonale
Rectal Prolapse
Fat Soluble Vitamin Deficiency
```
59
What is Cor Pulmonale
Heart defect from low O2
60
A child with Cystic Fibrosis is always .... and has ....
Hungry, loose skin
61
How do we tx. Cystic Fibrosis (4)
Pancrease
Humidity
Bronchodilators
Increased protein, fat, calories, vitamins (3,000 per day)
62
Epistaxis is
Bleeding from nose
63
Epistaxis is usually first sign of
Leukemia
64
If Epistaxis lasts for more than 15 min what should we do
Call doctor
65
How do we tx Epistaxis (2)
Apply ice
| Pinch bridge of nose while leaning forward
66
How can we "cauterize" the nose
Apply Silver Nitrate
67
SIDS stands for
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
68
SIDS is more common in
Males
69
Dehydration can lead to
Bad diet, child not eating
70
What are the 3 Blood disorders that we don't do Tonsillectomy for
Hemophilia
ITP
Leukemia
71
Is Rheumatic Fever contagious
yes, but not communicable
72
Migratory Polyarthritis
Many stiffness in joints, moves around body
73
Skin eruptions are
Preparer Rash, large flat reddened areas
74
Sydenham's Chorea
irritation of nerve cells, twitching and jumping
75
Tx. for Rheumatic Fever (4)
Rest
Tylenol/ Motrin
Erythromycin
Prednisone
76
What are the 3 Acyanotic Defects
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Atrial Septal Defect
Ventricular septal defect
77
What is Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Artery does not open
78
In patients with Atrial Septal Defect we can
Hear a loud Murmur
79
How do we tx. Atrial Septal Defect
Cardiac Catheterization
80
Ventricular Septal Defect is known for being
Most common
81
What are 3 Cyanotic Defects
Tetralogy of fallot
Coarctation of the Aorta
Transposition of great vessels
82
Tetralogy of fallot is
Babies crying leads to cyanosis
83
Coarctation of the aorta is
Narrow Aorta
84
Transposition of great vessels is
Pulmonary Artery and Aorta are switched
85
What are 3 S/S of Congestive Heart Failure
Fatigue during feedings
Weight gain
Sweating
86
What are 4 tx for CHF
Rest
Lasix
Digoxin
Potassium
87
Endocarditis is a side effect of
Strep throat
88
When is the highest incidence of Iron Deficiency Anemia
9 mo - 2 years
89
What is a common sign of Iron Deficiency Anemia
Pallor
90
What is Sickle Cell Anemia
Decrease in HgB due to crescent shape of RBC's
91
To have Sickle Cell Anemia Disease
You must have gene from both parents
92
Blood in Sickle Cell patients does not clot it
Clumps
93
What are 5 S/S of Sickle Cell
```
Fatigue
Tissue Hypoxia
Jaundice
Pallor
Swollen Joints
```
94
Priapism is
when clumping occurs in circulatory system leading to long erection
95
Clumping of cells in Sickle Cell is called
Vaso-Occlusive Crisis
96
What factors precipitate a crisis (6)
```
Fever
Dehydration
High Altitude
Emotional Distress
Alcohol
Pregnancy
```
97
Tx for Child with Sickle Cell Disease (4)
Rest
Hydration
analgesics
Blood tranfusions
98
Hemophilia can be diagnosed by checking
Bleeding and clotting times
99
S/S of Hemophilia (3)
Easily bruised
Hematuria
Hemarthrosis
100
What is the tx for Hemophilia
Synthetic Factor VIII
101
ITP stands for
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
102
How do we dx ITP (2)
Platelet count less than 20,000
| Bone marrow aspiration
103
What are 3 symptoms of ITP
Petechiae
Purpura
Bleeding gums
104
What are 2 tx for ITP
IV gamma globulins
| Splenectomy
105
IV gamma globulins help
build immune system
106
Leukemia is the
uncontrolled growth of immature WBCs
107
How do we dx Leukemia (2)
Bone Marrow Aspiration
| CBC with diff
108
What are 5 symptoms of Leukemia
```
Petechiae
Pallor
Anemia
Enlarged Lymph nodes
Anorexia
```
109
Tx for Leukemia (2)
Chemotherapy
| Platelet transfusions
110
A patient with Leukemia should be on
Reverse isolation
111
How do we diagnose Hodgkins disease
Bone Marrow Aspiration
112
How to we treat Hodgkin's disease (2)
Chemotherapy
| Radiation therapy
113
An early sign of Hodgkin's disease is
Painless enlarged lymph node
114
The primary symptom in croup is
Cough
115
A nurse is caring for a 7-year-old patient immediately following a tonsillectomy. The best position for this patient is
partly on the side and partly on the abdomen
116
Cystic fibrosis is an _______ system disease
Endocrine
117
Deoxygenated blood enters the systemic arterial circulation in which disorder
Coarctation of the aorta
118
The nurse is caring for a child receiving digoxin (Lanoxin) for the diagnosis of heart failure. Which manifestation is a cardinal sign of digoxin toxicity
Extreme bradycardia
119
Which observation indicates that an infant with CHF is carefully following the prescribed medical regimen
The child exhibits normal weight for age
120
The most common form of childhood cancer is
leukemia
121
The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child with leukemia who was admitted to the hospital with the primary diagnosis of pneumonia. The nurse knows the most likely cause of this child’s pneumonia is
neutropenia
122
The classic symptom of idiopathic (immunological) thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) is
bruising
123
What nerve connects brain for respiratory movement
Vagus Nerve
124
What is the accepted O2 Sat for a child with cystic fibrosis
88%
125
During respiratory tx. what kind of restraints will we put on child
Elbow restraints
126
What is one major thing we must encourage with a child on oxygen
Lots of fluid
127
If child has neg strep on quick test what should we do
72 hour culture
128
What is performed in an emergency situation with a child with obstructed airway
Tracheostomy
