Module 2 G.I. and G.U. disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Tx for Cleft lip
A
Surgery Cheiloplasty
2
Q
Tx for Cleft palate
A
Surgery Palatoplasty
3
Q
Tx for Tracheoesphageal Fistula
A
Surgery
4
Q
Tx for Pyloric Stenosis
A
Pyloroplasy
5
Q
Tx for Celiac Disease (spruce)
A
Gluten free diet
6
Q
Tx for Hirshprungs (Agaglionic megacolon)
A
Bowel resection Temp colostomy
7
Q
Tx for Intersusseption
A
Barium enema
8
Q
Tx for Meckles divirticulum
A
Surgery
9
Q
Tx for Hernia
A
Herniorraphy
10
Q
Tx for Gastroenteritis
A
Prevent dehydration Isolate child
11
Q
Tx for Appendicitis
A
Appendectomy
12
Q
Tx for Colic
A
Slow feed/ Burping
13
Q
Tx for Gerd
A
Thickened feeds
Fundoplication (Severe)
14
Q
Tx for Lactose intolerance
A
Lacoste free diet
15
Q
Tx for Cystic fibrosis
A
Pancrease with meals
16
Q
Tx for Pin worms
A
Antihelmetics Short fingernails
17
Q
Tx for Lead poisoning
A
Chelation therapy
18
Q
Symptoms of Cleft lip
A
Open fissures in upper lip
19
Q
Symptoms of Cleft palate
A
Inability to suck
20
Q
Symptoms of Tracheaesophageal Fistula
A
Coughing choking cyanosis
21
Q
Symptoms of Pyloric stenosis
A
Projectile non bilious vomiting Olive like mass Visible peristalsis
22
Q
Symptoms of Celiac disease Spruce
A
.
23
Q
Symptoms of Hirshrungs Agaglionic megacon
A
Ribbon like stools
24
Q
Symptoms of Intesusseption
A
Mucousy bloody stools
25
Symptoms of Meckles divirticulum
Bleeding after 2 years if age
26
Symptoms of Hernia
Painless mass at site
27
Symptoms of Gastroenteritis
NVD
28
Symptoms of Appendicitis
Rebound tenderness
29
Symptoms of Colic
Infant pulling up arms and legs
30
Symptoms of GERD
Vomiting
31
Symptoms of Lactose intolerance
NVF after feeds
32
Symptoms of Cystic fibrosis
Failure to they've Stetorrhea
33
Symptoms of Pinworms
Anal itching
34
Symptoms of Lead poisoning
Low cognitive functioning
35
Pyloric sphincter is located at the _____ of the stomach
bottom
36
Congenital means your
born with it
37
Cleft lip usually happens in the _____ week of gestation
7-8th week
38
Disorder where baby has difficulty sucking because seal is not created
cleft lip
39
how do we feed babies with cleft lip
little rubber syringe to back of throat slowly
40
what can the baby lose with cleft lip when it goes untreated
sucking reflex
41
When is it ok to perform a Chieloplasty
When baby has stable weight
42
How do we position baby post op Cheiloplasty
Side or back
43
What do we use so we can have support going across suture line (Cheiloplasty)
Logans bar
44
After feeding in cleft lip babies what should we do
wipe mouth with water, cleanse incision
45
How long should we be feeding baby with rubber tip syringe after Cheiloplasty
7-10 days
46
What is a major cause of Cleft palate
Low folic acid during pregnancy
47
When does cleft palate usually incur during gestation
7th to 12th week
48
Congenital defect where nasopharynx and nose combine
Cleft palate
49
What is the baby at risk for in Cleft palate
Failure to thrive
50
Frequent ear and respiratory infections, unable to suck, are common S&S of
Cleft palate
51
When should a Palatoplasty be done (Cleft palate)
before 18 months
52
What are 3 parent teaching in cleft palate
Child may need speech therapy
Hold child upright with burping frequently
limit feeding time to 20-30 min
53
Pre-op for cleft palate what may we fit for feeding
Obdurator
54
For post-op care of (Palatoplasty) cleft palate what are 3 things we must do
No sucking for 7-10 days
avoid disrupting suture line
feed by spoon
55
Diet for Post op cleft palate Palatoplasty
Clear liquids --> Full liquids --> Soft diet
56
Abnormal opening of trachea usually smaller is called
Tracheo-esophageal fistula
57
What are 3 S&S of Tracheo-esophageal fistula
Coughing
Choking
Cyanosis
58
3 nursing for Tracheo-esophageal fistula
Keep NPO
HOB 30 degress +
prevent aspiration
59
how can surgery go for Tracheo-esophageal fistula
Piece of colon may be transferred to close it up because it can produce peristalsis
60
3 nursing post op Tracheo-esophageal fistula
Pacifier
Elevate HOB
Gradually increase feeding
61
symptoms dont occur for pyloric stenosis until
3rd week of life
62
3 S&S of pyloric stenosis
Projectile vomiting
Hunger
Small Round Mass in RUQ
63
How might the small round mass in pyloric stenosis look like
Olive like
64
What kind of tube do we use for pyloric stenosis
JJ tube
65
3 pre op care for pyloric stenosis
NGT for decompression
thickened formula
I/O
66
How do we position baby post op pyloric stenosis
Right side with HOB elevated
67
How do we feed baby post op pyloric stenosis
small amounts of water 3-4x --> 1/4 formula --> 1/2 formula
68
Also known as a food virus
Gastroenteritis
69
2 S&S of Gastroenteritis
Water stools
| Abdominal cramps and pain
70
3 diagnostic tests for Gastroenteritis
Stool analysis
Serum IgA
Pt. interview
71
What are 2 things that we must avoid giving to pt. with Gastroenteritis
milk products
| OTC meds
72
How do we feed babies with Gastroenteritis
5-15 cc every 30 min until vomiting halts, then 30cc / 30min
73
along with clear liquids what diet can we implement for a patient with Gastroenteritis
BRAT diet
74
BRAT diet stands for
Bread
Rice
Apple sauce
Tea
75
If weight is under 10% we diagnose it with
Failure to thrive
76
Colic in babies usually happens within
1st year
77
Abdominal pain caused by spasm of the intestines
Colic
78
3 S&S of Colic
Loud cry High pitch
Pull up of arms and legs
Spitting up mucus and undigested formula
79
Kids with Shaking baby syndrome are usually diagnosed with
Colic
80
How should we feed pt. with Colic (3)
Slowly
frequent burping
rocking gently
81
GERD stands for
Gastroesophageal Reflux
82
Relaxation of cardiac sphincter allows gastric contents to return to esophagus
GERD
83
3 S&S of GERD
Vomiting
Weight loss
irritability
84
In Severe GERD what surgery is done
Fundoplication
85
Anchoring the esophagus is called
Fundoplication
86
3 Nursing for mild GERD
thickened formula
upright position
Meds to reduce acid
87
What should we teach parents with babies who have GERD (2)
how to use GT
| Aspiration precautions
88
Lactose intolerance can lead to
Failure to thrive
89
3 S&S of Lactose intolerance
Abdominal distention
Cramps
Diarrhea
90
What can mom take to help with Lactose intolerance
Lactate pill
91
Lack of pancrease enzyme, thick secretions, decreased motility are s&s of
Cystic fibrosis
92
What are 3 things we might see in a patient with Cystic fibrosis
Steatorrhea (Bulky stools)
Meconium ileus
Prolapsed rectum
93
What can we tell family to do, that might help with baby complying to diet
Eat at sametime
94
What can we give for Cystic fibrosis pre-meal
Pancrease
95
Allergy to gluten is called
Celiac Disease (Gluten Enteropathy or Sprue)
96
When can Celiac Disease present itself
6mo-2years
97
3 S&S of Celiac Disease
Frequent Large bulky stools
FTT
Anorexia
98
What are 3 Diagnostic tests for Celiac Disease
Stool analysis
Serum IgA
Small bowel biopsy
99
What diet may we put baby on for Celiac Disease
Mediterranean diet (Poultry+Fish)
100
Can cause partial or complete bowel obstruction, absence of ganglion cells in bowel
Hirschsprung's Disease
101
No nerve endings and risk for vomiting stool
Hirschsprung's Disease
102
3 S&S of Hirschsprung's Disease
Meconium ileus
Ribbon like stools
Potential for Enterocolitis
103
Inflammation of small intestine, malabsorption of nutrients and water
Enterocolitis
104
Hirschsprung's Disease puts child at risk for
Sepsis
105
How do we diagnose Hirschsprung's Disease
Rectal biopsy
106
Too many enemas can cause
Brain damage, intoxication
107
What is the tx. for Hirschsprung's Disease
Abdominal resection colostomy
108
3 nursing post op Hirschsprung's Disease
NGT
Strict I/O
IV fluids
109
Severe abdominal pain, vomiting bile, and currant jelly stools are S&S of
Intussusception
110
Babies with Intussusception have a potential for
Shock
111
What are 5 S&S of Shock
```
Increased pulse
Rigid Abdomen
Pallor
Diaphoresis
Hypotension
```
112
Rigid abdomens happen when there is
internal abdominal bleeding
113
How do we diagnose Intussusception
Barium enema
114
How can we tx. Intussusception
Exploratory laparotomy with resection
115
Protrusion of organ through the peritoneum
Hernia
116
When stomach and muscles are coming up through diaphragm this is a
Severe case of a Hernia
117
What must we avoid or tell kid to avoid with a Hernia
Pressure, straining
118
If Incarcerated (Strangulated hernia) what may occur
Necrosis (blood flow)
119
colicky babies tend to have
Umbilical hernias
120
What is the diet for Hernias
Clear liquids
121
What are 3 S&S of Appendicitis
Elevated WBC
Elevated temp 103+
abdominal pain and rebound tenderness at McBurney's point
122
Pain in RLQ is a classic sign of
Appendicitis
123
if appendix ruptures what might it lead to
Peritonitis
124
What are 3 nursing for Hernia post op
Early ambulation
No laxatives
NPO
125
3 S&S of lead poisoning
Lower cognitive functioning
Hearing impairments
Growth delays
126
What therapy may be used for Lead poisoning
Chelation therapy (absorb the lead)
127
How do we implement Chelation therapy
3 weeks then 2 weeks off then 3 weeks on again
128
What must we not do if child has been poisoned
induce vomiting
129
Secondary drowning is also known as
Aspiration Pneumonia
130
When do kidneys start to work
30-32 week gestation
131
When we suspect a fever what can we do
First line test
132
What might a fever cause
UTI
133
How do we perform a first line test
Get a sterile specimen doing clean catch
134
Patient must sit still for what 2 diagnostic procedures
IVP, VCUG
135
Cysto is another word for
Bladder
136
VCUG stands for
Voiding Cystourethrography
137
How is a Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) done
injection of dye to fill bladder and observe emptying
138
4 telltale signs of UTI
Dysuria
Nocturia
Polyuria / Oliguria
Enuresis
139
What is the major cause of UTI 2-6 years
Holding of urine
140
What can we drink to keep tract acidic
Cranberry juice
141
10+ diapers is a sign of
UTI
142
How might the urine smell and look in UTI's
Ammonia smell, mucousy discharge
143
Classic sign of UTI is when child develops
Enuresis
144
What can we use to diagnose if baby is diapered
U bag
145
What is a common med used in UTI
Bactrim
146
SG decreased with increased Protein is a sign of
UTI
147
Micturition is
the passing of urine
148
what is the minimum time to hospitalize a infant under 1 year with a diagnosis of UTI and why
72 hours, so we don't run the risk of it becoming nephritis
149
What are 2 common side effects of Bactrim
SJS, photosensitivity
150
What is the proper cleaning direction after Micturition
Front to back
151
What is the ideal frequency for urination
3-4 hours
152
Why must we avoid bubble baths
kills normal flora
153
Presence of marked amounts of protein in the urine, edema, and hypoalbuminemia is
Nephrotic Syndrome (Nephrosis)
154
Nephrosis may be related to
thymus T-cell dysfunction
155
Nephrosis is seen in males usually in what age
2-7
156
4 S&S of Nephrosis
Edema (anasarca)
Ascites
Weight gain
Listless
157
A telltale sign in males of Nephrosis is
Enlarged scrotum
158
What will a urine exam reveal for Nephrosis
Albumin high, Few RBC's
159
What is a major nursing intervention for Nephrosis
Turn and position frequently
160
Prednisone may cause
weight gain
161
Nephrosis puts child at great risk for developing
Pneumonia
162
What must we avoid in diet if edema is present (Nephrosis)
Salt
163
What is one thing we must document frequently (daily) for Nephrosis
Abdominal Girth
164
How do we measure Abdominal Girth
Lay child flat, same place each day
165
Steroids (prednisone) causes decreased ______ which cause decreased _______
protein
| edema
166
Because of prednisone what must we not perform during acute phase
Vaccinations or immunizations
167
Allergic reaction to group A beta-hemolytic strep infection
Acute Glomerulonephritis
168
What is the peak age for Acute Glomerulonephritis
6-7 years
169
Dehydration in Acute Glomerulonephritis will lead to
Hypokalemia (increased creatinine)
170
What are 3 S&S of Acute Glomerulonephritis
Edema in AM in periorbital area
Oliguria
Increased Temp
171
How might the Urine be in Acute Glomerulonephritis
Smoky brown or bloody, high in all lab levels
172
Nitrogen can cause toxicity and a
change in mental status
173
Excessive amounts of nitrogen due to kidney failure
Azotemia
174
3 nursing for Acute Glomerulonephritis
Bed rest
Fluid RESTRICTION
prophylactic abx. to prevent sleep
175
Diet for Acute Glomerulonephritis
Low salt
176
Nephroblastoma (one of the most common malignancies in early life)
Wilms tumor
177
When does Wilms tumor usually occur
in utero
178
Surgery must occur within ___ for Wilms tumor
48 hours
179
How do we diagnose Wilms tumor
IVP
180
What must we avoid for pt. with Wilms tumor
Pressure on abdomen
181
Excessive amount of fluid in the sac that surrounds the testicle and causes scrotum to swell, sometimes confused with Hernia
Hydrocele
182
Undescended testicle
Cryptorchidism
183
In Cryptorchidism sperm cells ______ because more warm
Deteriorate
184
If both testes are involved in Cryptorchidism what can happen
sterility
185
When must surgery occur for Cryptorchidism
Before 6 years of age
186
Orchiopexy improves what condition
Cryptorchidism
187
Congential defect where urinary meatus is located on the lower portion of the shaft
Hypospadias/Epispadias
188
When is surgery usually performed for Hypospadias/Epispadias
before 18mo for potty training purposes
189
Enuresis is defined by
Urinary incontinence after continence has been attained
190
When should parent seek tx. for Enuresis by
6-7 years
191
Which diagnostic test permits visualization of the upper GI tract
Endoscopy
192
FTT is below what percentile
3rd
193
What is the best support for caring for FTT
encourage mother to participate in childcare
194
3 s&s of pinworms
itching
irritability
restlessness
195
Intussusception Stools are
Currant jelly
196
What % of body is H20
77
197
What should we do before we add potassium to diet
Check if voiding properly
198
greatest threat to life in isotonic dehydration is
hypovolemic shock
199
If a child has pinworms what will happen
any family member with S&S will be treated
200
How should we place infant after feeding with GERD
prone with head elevated
201
earliest sign of Hirschsprung's disease is
Meconium ileus
202
First feeding coughing and choking usually means
Tracheo Esophageal atresia
203
Used to reduce edema in nephrotic syndrome
Steroids
204
Child with Nephrotic syndrome is at risk for
skin breakdown
205
What statement shows parents understanding of hypospadias
surgery should be done before 18mo
206
What instructions will we give parents for babies with acute glomerulonephritis
Bed rest 2 weeks
207
In acute glomerulonephritis what can we expect
Hypertension
208
Wilms tumor is usually diagnosed when
routine physical is given
209
urinary output looks like what for acute glomerulonephritis
smoky brown
210
Children receiving steroids should be
monitored closely for signs of infection
211
When weighing diapers 1gm is = to
1ml
212
Child with nephrotic syndrome should not be receiving
Immunizations
