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General Biology - 1st Quarter > Module 2: Cell Organelles > Flashcards

Module 2: Cell Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

NUCLEUS

A
  • contains DNA for hereditary
  • “brain of the cell”
  • contains and stores all the genetic information for manifacturing proteins
  • responsible for all cellular activities
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2
Q

MAIN PARTS OF NUCLEUS

A
  • chromatin
  • nucleus
  • nuclear envelope
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3
Q

CHROMATIN

A
  • network of strands
  • contains DNA, rRNA (ribosomal RNA), & histones
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4
Q

NUCLEOLUS

A
  • rRNA is produced
  • dark region of chromatin
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5
Q

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

A
  • double membrane
  • separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
  • responsible for the transfer of genetic materials such as DNA & RNA
  • controls other organelles
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6
Q

RIBOSOMES

A
  • provides surface for protein synthesis
  • a.k.a. protein factories of the cell
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7
Q

ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM
(3 major organelles)

A
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • golgi apparatus
  • several types of vesicles
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8
Q

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

A
  • complicated system of membranous channels & flattened vesicles
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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9
Q

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

A
  • synthesizes proteins
  • studded with ribosomes (side that faces the cytoplasm)
  • forms vesicles
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10
Q

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

A
  • synthesizes lipids (phospholipids & steroids)
  • does not have attached ribosomes
  • function: usually dependent to a particular cell
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11
Q

GOLGI APPARATUS

A
  • dictyosomes
  • packages & transports materials outside the cell
  • receives vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum along the cis face
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12
Q

LYSOSOMES

A
  • recycles cellular materials
  • vesicles produced by the golgi apparatus
  • contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes
  • breakdown large molecules
  • destroys invading viruses & bacteria
  • participate in cell death - apoptosis
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13
Q

ENERGY - RELATED ORGANELLES

A
  • convert energy to form that can be used
  • mitochondria & chloroplasts
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14
Q

MITOCHONDRION

A
  • powerhouse of the cell
  • produces most ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - used in cellular respiration
  • responsible for supplying & storing energy for the cell
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15
Q

APOPTOSIS

A
  • a.k.a. cellular suicide
  • convenient way of removing cells that should no longer be part
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16
Q

CHLOROPLASTS

A
  • plant & algal organelles
  • contains series of internal membrane or vesicles
  • contains DNA & chlorophyll - carry on photosynthesis
  • double membrane encloses a large space called stroma
17
Q

PEROXISOMES

A
  • digests organic materials
  • membrane-bounded vesicles that encloses enzymes
  • synthesized by free ribosomes & transported into the cytoplasm
  • detoxify some products of photosynthesis

General Biology - 1st Quarter (4 decks)

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