Module 2 - Cell Structure, Biological Molecules, Membranes, Cell Division, Enzymes

Question 1

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 3

To store genetic information and control cell activities.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell.

Answer 4

plasma membrane

Question 5

What are the two main types of cells?

Answer 5

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for energy production?

Answer 6

Mitochondria

Question 7

What is the role of ribosomes?

Answer 7

To synthesize proteins.

Question 8

True or False: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Answer 9

To regulate what enters and exits the cell.

Question 10

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory? A) All living things are composed of cells, B) Cells arise from pre-existing cells, C) Cells can arise spontaneously, D) Cells are the basic unit of life.

Answer 10

C) Cells can arise spontaneously

Question 11

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 11

To synthesize proteins and lipids.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The __________ is involved in packaging and transporting proteins.

Answer 12

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

True or False: Lysosomes are involved in digestion within the cell.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the role of chloroplasts?

Answer 14

To conduct photosynthesis in plant cells.

Question 15

Multiple Choice: Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells but not in animal cells? A) Mitochondria, B) Ribosomes, C) Chloroplasts, D) Golgi Apparatus.

Answer 15

C) Chloroplasts

Question 16

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 16

To provide structural support and shape to the cell.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the region outside the nucleus where cellular processes occur.

Answer 17

cytoplasm

Question 18

True or False: Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

Answer 19

Hydrogen bonds

Question 20

What is the process of converting mRNA into a protein called?

Answer 20

Translation

Question 21

Multiple Choice: Which molecule carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes? A) tRNA, B) mRNA, C) rRNA, D) DNA.

Answer 21

B) mRNA

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the site of protein synthesis.

Answer 22

ribosome

Question 23

What is the role of tRNA?

Answer 23

To transport amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Question 24

True or False: The sequence of amino acids determines the structure and function of a protein.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is a mutation?

Answer 25

A change in the DNA sequence.

Question 26

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of RNA? A) DNA, B) mRNA, C) Protein, D) Lipid.

Answer 26

B) mRNA

Question 27

What is the primary function of enzymes?

Answer 27

To act as catalysts in biochemical reactions.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are __________ that speed up chemical reactions.

Answer 28

catalysts

Question 29

True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

What factors can affect enzyme activity?

Answer 30

Temperature, pH, and substrate concentration.

Question 31

What is the term for the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds?

Answer 31

Active site

Question 32

Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE? A) They are always proteins, B) They increase the activation energy of reactions, C) They are consumed in reactions, D) They can be reused.

Answer 32

D) They can be reused.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: A __________ is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up.

Answer 33

catalyst

Question 34

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Answer 34

To provide energy for cellular activities.

Question 35

True or False: ATP is the energy currency of the cell.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the organelle responsible for photosynthesis.

Answer 36

chloroplast

Question 37

What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?

Answer 37

To convert glucose into usable energy (ATP).

Question 38

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a product of cellular respiration? A) Oxygen, B) Glucose, C) Carbon Dioxide, D) Water.

Answer 38

C) Carbon Dioxide

Question 39

What is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate called?

Answer 39

Glycolysis

Question 40

True or False: Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in humans?

Answer 41

Lactic acid and ATP.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which cells convert sugar into energy.

Answer 42

Cellular respiration

Question 43

What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

Answer 43

To act as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 44

Multiple Choice: What is the main byproduct of photosynthesis? A) Oxygen, B) Carbon Dioxide, C) Glucose, D) Water.

Answer 44

A) Oxygen