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PCOL > MODULE 2 | CNS STIMULANTS > Flashcards

MODULE 2 | CNS STIMULANTS Flashcards

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1
Q

two groups of drugs that act primarily to stimulate the CNS

A

psychomotor stimulants
hallucinogens

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2
Q

cause excitement and euphoria, decrease feelings of fatigue, and increase motor activity

A

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS

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3
Q

produce profound changes in thought patterns and mood, with little effect on the brainstem and spinal cord

A

HALLUCINOGENS

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4
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS

  • inhibition of phosphodiesterase thus increase cAMP
  • increase Ca permeability
  • blockade of the adenosine receptors - this leads to inhibition of the hyperpolarizing effect of K in the cardiac cells
A

METHYLXANTHINES

caffeine

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5
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | METHYLXANTHINES

inhibition of the enzyme that metabolizes cAMP thus increasing cAMP levels

A

phosphodiesterase

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6
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | METHYLXANTHINES

increase ____ pemeability

A

Ca

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7
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | METHYLXANTHINES

blockade of the ____ receptors – leads to inhibition of the hyperpolarizing effect of K in cardiac cells

A

adenosine receptors

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8
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS

  • decrease fatigue and increase mental awareness, anxiety, tremors
  • has a positive ionotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart
  • can induce diuresis
  • stimulate secretions of HCL from the gastric mucosa
A

METHYLXANTHINE

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9
Q

rate of contraction of the ❤️

A

chronotropic

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10
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | METHYLXANTHINES

included in some OTC analgesic preparations, particulary in headache remedies

A

caffeine

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11
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | METHYLXANTHINES

for bronchial asthma – bronchodilator

A

theophylline

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12
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | METHYLXANTHINES | ADVERSE EFFECTS

insomnia, anxiety, agitation

A

moderate doses

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13
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | METHYLXANTHINES | ADVERSE EFFECTS

emesis and convulsion

A

high doses

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14
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS

stimulate the CNS by:
* stimulation of catecholamine release
* blocking the reuptake of monoamines
* inhibition of MAO enzymes
all of these mechanisms lead to increase catecholamine concentration exhibiting central and peripheral actions

A

AMPHETAMINES

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15
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | AMPHETAMINES

stimulate motor and physical activity, increase alertness and decrease fatigue

A

central actions

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16
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | AMPHETAMINES

decrease appetite, increase BP, increase heart rate

A

peripheral actions

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17
Q

common drug for ADHD

A

AMPHETAMINE

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18
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS

  • used to treat narcolepsy and also used clinically to alleviate behavioral problems and reduce hyperkinesias in children with ADHD
  • has high potential for addiction – classified as prohibited drug
A

AMPHETAMINE

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19
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS

AE:
* insomnia
* irritability
* weakness
* dizziness
* tremor
* hyperactive reflexes

20
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | AMPHETAMINES

chronic use may lead to ____

Study These Flashcards
A

amphetamine psychososis

21
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS

  • potentiates and prolong CNS and peripheral actions of catecholamines by stimulating their release
  • due to intense euphoria produceed by this, this is used as a recreational drug and is highly abused
  • clinically, it is used to increase mood and psychomotor activities during the first few weeks of treatment of severely depressed patients
  • it is also used as local anesthetic in ENT surgery due to its ability to cause vasoconstrictions
22
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | COCAINE

used as ____ in ENT surgery

Study These Flashcards
A

local anesthetic

23
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | COCAINE

ester

24
Q

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | COCAINE

amide

25
# **PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | COCAINE** xylocaine
amide | brand name of lidocaine
26
**psychomotor stimulants** can cause ____
vasodilation
27
28
**psychomotor stimulant** that can cause **vasoconstriction**
COCAINE
29
# **PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS** * **widely abused drug** * **low** dose: causes **arousal** & **relaxation** * **high** dose: **respiratory paralysis** * not currently used therapeutically except in **smoking cessation** * can **increase rate of metabolism** of a number of drugs so can cause potential interactions
NICOTINE
30
# **PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | NICOTINE** **low** dose
arousal & relaxation
31
# **PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS | NICOTINE** **high** dose
respiratory paralysis
32
**Psychmimetic stimulants** are also called ____ and are **seldom** used clinically due to their **high abuse potential**
HALLUCINOGENS
33
also called **hallucinogens**
psychomimetic stimulants
34
# **PSYCHOMIMETIC STIMULANTS** * **inhibits reuptake of DA, SE, NE** * has **anticholinergic** activity, but **produces hypersalivation** * an analog ok **KETAMINE** that porduces "**dissociative anesthesia**" (insensitivty to pain without loss of consciousness) and **analgesia** * **withdrawn** from its use as **dissociative anesthetic** because of its **hallucinogenic property** and is now **replaced** by **ketamine**
PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP) - ANGEL DUST
35
# **PSYCHOMIMETIC STIMULANTS | PHENCYCLIDINE** **inhibits reuptake** of ____, ____, ____
DA SE NE
36
# **PSYCHOMIMETIC STIMULANTS | PHENCYCLIDINE** has ____ activity
anticholinergic
37
# **PSYCHOMIMETIC STIMULANTS | PHENCYCLIDINE** produces ____
hypersalivation
38
# **PSYCHOMIMETIC STIMULANTS | PHENCYCLIDINE** an analog of ____ that produces **dissociative anesthesia**
KETAMINE
39
# **PSYCHOMIMETIC STIMULANTS | PHENCYCLIDINE** has been replaced by
KETAMINE
40
insensitivity to pain without the loss of consciousness
dissociative anesthesi
41
# **PSYCHOMIMETIC STIMULANTS** * interacts with several **5HT receptor** subtypes in the brain * **agonist** of **SE** * **low** dose: **hallucinations** with **brilliant colors** and **mood alteration** * **high** dose: **long-lasting** psychotic changes
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD)
42
# **PSYCHOMIMETIC STIMULANTS | LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE** agonist of
SE
43
# **PSYCHOMIMETIC STIMULANTS | LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE** **LOW** DOSE
hallucinations w **brilliant colors** & mood alteration
44
# **PSYCHOMIMETIC STIMULANTS | LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE** **high** dose
long lasting psychotic changes
45
# **PSYCHOMIMETIC STIMULANTS** * main alkaloid in **marijuana** * **retrograde** activity (reverse) * produces **euphoria** followed by **drowsiness** and **relaxation** * **impairs short term memory** and **mental activity** * increases appetite, causes **xerostomia** (dry mouth), visual hallucinations, delusions, and enhancement of sensory activity * **MOA is unkown**
TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (THC)
46
# **PSYCHOMIMETIC STIMULANTS | TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL** main alkaloid in
marijuana
47
# **PSYCHOMIMETIC STIMULANTS | TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL** produces ____ followed by **drowsiness** & **relaxation**
euphoria

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