Module 2 - Consonants, Vowels

Question 1

What is a phone?

Answer 1

Speech sound

Question 2

What is a phoneme?

Answer 2

Language specific sounds

Question 3

What is articulatory phonetics?

Answer 3

Study of the production of sounds produced by the vocal tract

Question 4

What are articulators?

Answer 4

• Parts in our oral, nasal and pharangeal cavities that helps to shape speech sounds

Question 5

What is included in the vocal tract?

Answer 5

All anatomy used to produce sound from lungs - layrnx - articulators

Question 6

What is the first stage of speech production?

Answer 6

Respiration - source of air from lungs, pulmonic or exhale air

Question 7

What is the second stage of speech production?

Answer 7

Phonation - buzzing sound generated by vocal folds. Raw ingredient of many sounds

Question 8

What is the third stage of speech production?

Answer 8

Articulation - articulators move to transform sound to speech

Question 9

What are consonants?

Answer 9

Speech sounds produced by obstruction of air-flow in the vocal tract, full stop or friction

Question 10

What are vowels?

Answer 10

• Speech sounds that have no obstruction of air-flow in the vocal tract
  Free flow of air through the vocal tract

Question 11

Describe the Place in the IPA Chart?

Answer 11

The place is where the air is constricted

Question 12

Describe the Manner in the IPA Chart

Answer 12

The way the air is obstructed (plosive, puffed out)

Question 13

Describe Voice in the IPA Chart

Answer 13

Voiced means that vocal folds are vibrating

Question 14

How do you describe consonants?

Answer 14

Voice - place - manner
/p/ : voiceless-bilabial-oral stop

Question 15

Describe the place of Labiodental sounds

Answer 15

Bottom lip (labio) touches top teeth (dental)

Question 15

Describe the place of bilabial sounds

Answer 15

2 lips together

Question 16

Describe the place of Alveolar sounds

Answer 16

Tongue touches alveolar ridge

Question 16

Describe the place of Post-alveolar sounds

Answer 16

Tongue is raised to the area behind the alveolar ridge

Question 17

Describe Palatal sounds

Answer 17

Tongue is raised to the hard palate

Question 18

Describe Velar sounds

Answer 18

Back of tongue is raised to soft palate (velum)

Question 19

What is a labiovelar sound

Answer 19

• /w/
  Involves rounding of lip and tongue in the velar area

Question 19

Describe Glottal manner of articulation

Answer 19

• Air flows through narrow glottis past the tongue and lips
• Glottal stop
  Vocal folds close off airway completely

Question 20

Describe Dental Sounds

Answer 20

Tongue is behind upper teeth

Question 21

What does manner of articulation focus on?

Answer 21

• Direction of airflow
• Degree of constriction to impede air flow
• If oral air flow, whether it is central or lateral

Question 22

Describe Stops - continuant / non-continuant

Answer 22

- Non-continuants (block air) - Airflow is stopped in the cavity before it is released - Plosives / oral stops p b t d k g - Nasal stops /m n ŋ /

Question 23

Describe Fricatives

Answer 23

- Continuant - air flows continuously through oral cavity - Sound is produced by constricting the airway to cause friction

Question 24

Describe Affricates

Answer 24

- Non-continuant - Air is stopped initially then released slowly into a fricative

Question 25

Describe glides

Answer 25

- Tongue moves from one place to another - /w/ /j/ - Central air flow - continuant

Question 26

Describe Approximants

Answer 26

- Continuants (similar to vowels, air flows continuously) - Cannot form a syllable

Question 27

Describe liquids

Answer 27

- /l/ - continual lateral air flow /ɹ/ - continuant central air flow

Question 28

Define Voiced

Answer 28

Vocal folds are held close together and vibrate

Question 29

Define Voiceless

Answer 29

- No vocal fold vibration Vocal folds are apart, air flows freely through the glottis

Question 30

What are vowels?

Answer 30

- Speech sounds produced with no constriction of air - Produced by changing size and shape of the oral cavity and movement of lips and tongue - Loud, carry pitch - They are the nucleus of a syllable

Question 31

What does HPT stand for?

Answer 31

Highest Point of Tongue

Question 32

How do you describe vowels?

Answer 32

- Height tongue-frontedness-rounding of lips - /e/ : high-front-unrounded sound - By length of sound --Long vowel /ɐː/ Short vowel /ɐ/

Question 33

Which vowel is the neutral?

Answer 33

- Schwa Only occurs in unstressed syllables

Question 34

What is a monophthong

Answer 34

- Stable articulatory position - No dynamic movement One vowel phoneme

Question 35

What is a diphthong?

Answer 35

- Dynamic movement, change in articulator positions One vowel phoneme represented by 2 vowel symbols

Question 36

What is a rising diphthong?

Answer 36

Ending vowel sound has a higher HPT than the beginning

Question 37

What is a falling diphthong?

Answer 37

Ending vowel sound has a lower HPT than the beginning

Question 38

Define orthography

Answer 38

- Representation of speech sounds using the alphabet Spelling rules and conventions for writing symbols

Question 39

Define Syllable

Answer 39

- Syllable is a unit of sound that forms the building block of a word - Rhythm of a word Must contain one vowel