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Nursing 110 > Module 2-e > Flashcards

Module 2-e Flashcards

1
Q

Pain Experience

A

defense mechanism, indicates a problem, subjective symptoms. Pain is always subjective.

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2
Q

Sources of Pain- Cutaneous pain

A

superficial, skin or subcutaneous tissue (top part of the skin- paper cut)

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3
Q

Sources of Pain- Deep Somatic pain

A

diffuse or scattered, tendons, bones and nerves (sprains)

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4
Q

Sources of Pain- Visceral pain

A

body organs, poorly localized, referred. (thorax, abdomen, cranium- guarding)

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5
Q

Referred Pain

A

perceived in area distant to the point of origin (MI pain refers to the jaw, shoulder, and arm)

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6
Q

Duration of pain- Acute

A

rapid onset, varies in intensity, up to 6 months in duration, protective in nature, disappears when the cause is resolved.

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7
Q

Duration of pain- Chronic

A

greater then 6 months, limited, persistent, intermittent, poorly localized, periods of remission or exacerbation, intractable. Pain is usually resistent to therapy. (cancer patients)

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8
Q

Common responses to pain- Behavioral

A

Voluntary- “hot stove” pull away, guarding.

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9
Q

Common responses to pain- Physiological

A

Involuntary- Sympathetic (fight or flight) /Parasympathetic ( Pulse and resp decrease due to deep, severe pain)

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10
Q

Common responses to pain- Affective

A

Psychological- past experiences, culture

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11
Q

Gate control therapy

A

Transmission of painful stimuli. Relationship b/t pain and emotions .Cns processes limited amounts of sensory info. Brain can influence gating mechanism. Pain interpreted individually. (Threshold- 1st inro to pain) Small fibers- transmitted w/ painful stimuli, LG fibers- block painful stimuli (gate closed)

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12
Q

Factors that affect pain- Culture/Ethnicity

A

Influence response, coping, sterotyping- (crying/not crying)

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13
Q

Factors that affect pain- Family,Gender,age)

A

Children- pain gets attention

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14
Q

Factors that affect pain- Religion

A

Pain is purification, or punishment

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15
Q

Factors that affect pain- Enviromentt/ Support people

A

Support, healthcare compounds pain issues

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16
Q

Factors that affect pain- Anxiety and other stressors

A

Threat and pain aggrivates

17
Q

Factors that affect pain- Past pain experience

A

Influences future pain feelings

18
Q

Pain Assessment

A

Verbalization and description, duration, location and quality/intensity. Always assess prior to med administration. Effect on ADL’s. Physiological indicators.

19
Q

Barriers to Pain Assessment

A

Misunderstandin pain orders (PRN-ATC), fear of addiction (lack of knowledge/ past Hx of) Complaining is immature, Waiting until the pain is too severe. I don’t want to bother anyone. Havinf pain after surgery is natural.

20
Q

Barriers to Pain Assessment- Cognitively impaired

A

unable to report, use intuition, vitals, diaphoresis

21
Q

Pain Assessment- Children

A

Wong/Baker Scale (smiley faces) Facial expressions, irritabilty and restlessness, move away from painful stimuli.

22
Q

Pain Assessment Older adults

A

Chronic disease, assessment more difficult, expectations of pain, Ominous signs. Comorbidities. Peripheral Neuropathy (diabetics)

23
Q

Pain Control- Nonpharmacologic (Distraction)

A

adjunct to med administration (in conjunction with)

24
Q

Pain Control- Nonpharmacologic (Humor)

A

w/ tactfulness

25
Q

Pain Control- Nonpharmacologic (Music)

A

more so w/ infants

26
Q

Pain Control- Nonpharmacologic (Imagery)

A

guided imagery

27
Q

Pain Control- Nonpharmacologic (Relaxation)

A

breathing techniques

28
Q

Pain Control- Nonpharmacologic (Cutaneous stimulation)

A

gate control method- acupuncture

29
Q

Pain Control- Nonpharmacologic (Biofeedback)

A

teaching aparatus

30
Q

Pain Control- Nonpharmacologic (Hypnosis)

A

not science based

31
Q

Drugs for Pain Relief- Analgesics

A

3 Classes- NSAID’s, Opiods/Narcotics, Adjuvant

32
Q

NSAID’s

A

Advil, Motrin (antiinflamatory) knee pain. Reduction of swelling. ASA- headache

33
Q

Opiods/Narcotics

A

Morphine, Codeine- resp depression, constipation, and addiction

34
Q

Adjuvant

A

Antideppresant, anticonculsant, corticosteroids

35
Q

General Principles for analgesic administration

A

Various measures, use before pain increases, past experiences, open minded, persistent, safe, ongoing assessments, timing (PRN, ATC, PCA)

36
Q

Placebo

A

Inactive substance (sugar pill/saline flush) in replacement of Narc’s. Deceptive and destroy trust.

Nursing 110 (11 decks)

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