Mudule 2-d

Question 1

Significance of Body mechanics

Answer 1

Efficient use of the body as a machine, effective functioning, evident in every activity and rest

Question 2

Concept of body mechanics

Answer 2

The body is typically balanced with correct posture, the wider the base, the better the support. Functioning of the musculoskeletal system.

Question 3

Guidelines for body mechanics

Answer 3

erect posture, longest and strongest, internal girdle and long midriff, center of gravity closest to the object, slide-roll-push (rather then left), flex knees.

Question 4

Exercise and Body Movement-Muscle contraction

Answer 4

Isotonic- Muscle shortening, Active movement- walking, free weights

Question 5

Exercise and Body Movement-Muscle contraction

Answer 5

Isometric- no movement,contraction, no shortening, static conditions- holding

Question 6

Exercise and Body Movement-Muscle contraction

Answer 6

Isokinetic- muscle contraction with resistance- stationary bike

Question 7

Effects of Exercise on the body- Cardiovascular

Answer 7

Increase efficiency of the heart, decrease HR and BP, increase blood flow to all body parts, increased circulating fibrinolysin (breaks up small clots)

Question 8

Effects of Exercise on the body- Respiatory

Answer 8

During exercise, depth of resp, rate, gas exchange, and CO2 excretion are all increased. Regular exercise leads to improved pulmonary functioning.

Question 9

Effects of Exercise on the body- GI

Answer 9

Increased apetite, intestinal tone increased (improves digestion and elimination), weight control

Question 10

Effects of Exercise on the body- Urinary

Answer 10

Kidneys work more efficiently, to ore efficiently excrete body wastes

Question 11

Effects of Exercise on the body- Musculoskeletal

Answer 11

Increased muscle efficiency (strength) and flexibility

Question 12

Effects of Exercise on the body- Metabolic

Answer 12

Efficient metabolism and body temp. regulation increased.

Question 13

Effects of Exercise on the body- Integument

Answer 13

overall general health of skin is increased.

Question 14

Effects of Exercise on the body- Psychological

Answer 14

increased energy, vitality, and general well-being. Improved sleep and appearance (body image)

Question 15

Positioning :prevention and complications

Answer 15

Fowlers- 45-60 (eating, cardiac, respiratory) Hand edema worsens, pressure ulcers, foot drop

Question 16

Positioning :prevention and complications

Answer 16

Protective Supine(dorsal recumbent)- face up, surrounded by pillows, foot board

Question 17

Positioning; prevention and complications

Answer 17

Protective side lying (lateral)- lying on one side, hips and shoulders aligned

Question 18

Positioning; prevention and complications

Answer 18

Protective Sims- pillow between legs

Question 19

Positioning; prevention and complications

Answer 19

Prone position- head to side

Question 20

Stages of Sleep- NREM

Answer 20

Consists or 4 stages- Seps 1/2- 5-50% of sleep (light sleep, easily aroused) Stage 3/4-10% of sleep (deep sleep/ Delta sleep)

Question 21

Stages of Sleep- REM

Answer 21

Dreaming sleep. 20-25% nightly sleep. More difficult to arouse then NREM.

Question 22

Factors affecting sleep- Motivation

Answer 22

to be aware

Question 23

Factors affecting sleep- Culture

Answer 23

influence w/ bedtime rituals, herbal remedies.

Question 24

Factors affecting sleep- Physcial Activity/Exercise

Answer 24

^ REM/NREM sleep. 2 hr. before going to bed may hinder sleep

Question 25

Factors affecting sleep- Diet

Answer 25

protein and carbs alter sleep

Question 26

Factors affecting sleep- Enviromental

Answer 26

where you are physically

Question 27

Factors affecting sleep- Psychological stress

Answer 27

stress, etc...

Question 28

Factors affecting sleep- Illness

Answer 28

illness

Question 29

Factors affecting sleep- Medications

Answer 29

can decrease REM. Amphetimines, diuretics, antidepressanst

Question 30

Factors affecting sleep- Alcohol

Answer 30

large quantities stimulate, as well as caffiene and tabacco

Question 31

Developmental Variations of sleep- Infant

Answer 31

less than 8 weeks, 16/24 hr/day- ^ 8 weeks- through the night, REM sleep. $ hr increments.

Question 32

Developmental Variations of sleep- Toddler

Answer 32

10-12 hrs/day. ^ growth peaks.

Question 33

Developmental Variations of sleep- Adolescent

Answer 33

Growth spurts require more sleep. Varies according to needs

Question 34

Developmental Variations of sleep- Young adult

Answer 34

8 hrs. Less REM sleep. Lifestyle affects sleep

Question 35

Developmental Variations of sleep- Middle adult

Answer 35

Less sleep time, arousal ^, awake time in bed ^

Question 36

Developmental Variations of sleep- Older adult

Answer 36

awakens easily, less refreshed in the am. 5-7 sounds. Stage 4 absent or decreased. Pain and depression alter sleep patterns.

Question 37

Sleep Disorder- Insomnia

Answer 37

Difficulty falling asleep. ^ 60 woman, Hx of Depression

Question 38

Sleep Disorder- Hypersomnia

Answer 38

day sleeping (depression)

Question 39

Sleep Disorder- Narcolepsy

Answer 39

Fall asleep uncontrollably

Question 40

Sleep Disorder- Sleep Apnea

Answer 40

Absense or diminished breathing. Damages the heart, no exchange of O2, collapse of the hypopharynx (needs CPAP)

Question 41

Sleep Disorder- Restless leg syndrome

Answer 41

Inability to lie still, increasing urge to move legs, unpleasant sensations

Question 42

Sleep Disorder- Sleep deprivation

Answer 42

decrease in the amount of quality sleep (irirability, psycosis)

Question 43

Sleep Disorder- Parasomnias

Answer 43

Somnambulism (sleepwalking), Enuresis (bed wetting), Bruxism (teeth grinding)

Question 44

Rest-Sleep Assessment

Answer 44

Sleep Diary- ID patient;s sleep patterns and ID effects on ADL's. Use of sleep aids, assess disturbances

Question 45

Strategies to promote rest and sleep

Answer 45

Restful environment, rituals, snacks, relaxation, comfort, patterns, schedule care, teaching.

Question 46

Medications for sleep

Answer 46

Sedatives and Hypnotics- Benzodiazapines. Ativan