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Nursing 110 > Mudule 2-d > Flashcards

Mudule 2-d Flashcards

1
Q

Significance of Body mechanics

A

Efficient use of the body as a machine, effective functioning, evident in every activity and rest

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2
Q

Concept of body mechanics

A

The body is typically balanced with correct posture, the wider the base, the better the support. Functioning of the musculoskeletal system.

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3
Q

Guidelines for body mechanics

A

erect posture, longest and strongest, internal girdle and long midriff, center of gravity closest to the object, slide-roll-push (rather then left), flex knees.

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4
Q

Exercise and Body Movement-Muscle contraction

A

Isotonic- Muscle shortening, Active movement- walking, free weights

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5
Q

Exercise and Body Movement-Muscle contraction

A

Isometric- no movement,contraction, no shortening, static conditions- holding

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6
Q

Exercise and Body Movement-Muscle contraction

A

Isokinetic- muscle contraction with resistance- stationary bike

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7
Q

Effects of Exercise on the body- Cardiovascular

A

Increase efficiency of the heart, decrease HR and BP, increase blood flow to all body parts, increased circulating fibrinolysin (breaks up small clots)

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8
Q

Effects of Exercise on the body- Respiatory

A

During exercise, depth of resp, rate, gas exchange, and CO2 excretion are all increased. Regular exercise leads to improved pulmonary functioning.

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9
Q

Effects of Exercise on the body- GI

A

Increased apetite, intestinal tone increased (improves digestion and elimination), weight control

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10
Q

Effects of Exercise on the body- Urinary

A

Kidneys work more efficiently, to ore efficiently excrete body wastes

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11
Q

Effects of Exercise on the body- Musculoskeletal

A

Increased muscle efficiency (strength) and flexibility

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12
Q

Effects of Exercise on the body- Metabolic

A

Efficient metabolism and body temp. regulation increased.

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13
Q

Effects of Exercise on the body- Integument

A

overall general health of skin is increased.

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14
Q

Effects of Exercise on the body- Psychological

A

increased energy, vitality, and general well-being. Improved sleep and appearance (body image)

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15
Q

Positioning :prevention and complications

A

Fowlers- 45-60 (eating, cardiac, respiratory) Hand edema worsens, pressure ulcers, foot drop

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16
Q

Positioning :prevention and complications

A

Protective Supine(dorsal recumbent)- face up, surrounded by pillows, foot board

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17
Q

Positioning; prevention and complications

A

Protective side lying (lateral)- lying on one side, hips and shoulders aligned

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18
Q

Positioning; prevention and complications

A

Protective Sims- pillow between legs

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19
Q

Positioning; prevention and complications

A

Prone position- head to side

20
Q

Stages of Sleep- NREM

A

Consists or 4 stages- Seps 1/2- 5-50% of sleep (light sleep, easily aroused) Stage 3/4-10% of sleep (deep sleep/ Delta sleep)

21
Q

Stages of Sleep- REM

A

Dreaming sleep. 20-25% nightly sleep. More difficult to arouse then NREM.

22
Q

Factors affecting sleep- Motivation

A

to be aware

23
Q

Factors affecting sleep- Culture

A

influence w/ bedtime rituals, herbal remedies.

24
Q

Factors affecting sleep- Physcial Activity/Exercise

A

^ REM/NREM sleep. 2 hr. before going to bed may hinder sleep

25
Q

Factors affecting sleep- Diet

A

protein and carbs alter sleep

26
Q

Factors affecting sleep- Enviromental

A

where you are physically

27
Q

Factors affecting sleep- Psychological stress

A

stress, etc…

28
Q

Factors affecting sleep- Illness

A

illness

29
Q

Factors affecting sleep- Medications

A

can decrease REM. Amphetimines, diuretics, antidepressanst

30
Q

Factors affecting sleep- Alcohol

A

large quantities stimulate, as well as caffiene and tabacco

31
Q

Developmental Variations of sleep- Infant

A

less than 8 weeks, 16/24 hr/day- ^ 8 weeks- through the night, REM sleep. $ hr increments.

32
Q

Developmental Variations of sleep- Toddler

A

10-12 hrs/day. ^ growth peaks.

33
Q

Developmental Variations of sleep- Adolescent

A

Growth spurts require more sleep. Varies according to needs

34
Q

Developmental Variations of sleep- Young adult

A

8 hrs. Less REM sleep. Lifestyle affects sleep

35
Q

Developmental Variations of sleep- Middle adult

A

Less sleep time, arousal ^, awake time in bed ^

36
Q

Developmental Variations of sleep- Older adult

A

awakens easily, less refreshed in the am. 5-7 sounds. Stage 4 absent or decreased. Pain and depression alter sleep patterns.

37
Q

Sleep Disorder- Insomnia

A

Difficulty falling asleep. ^ 60 woman, Hx of Depression

38
Q

Sleep Disorder- Hypersomnia

A

day sleeping (depression)

39
Q

Sleep Disorder- Narcolepsy

A

Fall asleep uncontrollably

40
Q

Sleep Disorder- Sleep Apnea

A

Absense or diminished breathing. Damages the heart, no exchange of O2, collapse of the hypopharynx (needs CPAP)

41
Q

Sleep Disorder- Restless leg syndrome

A

Inability to lie still, increasing urge to move legs, unpleasant sensations

42
Q

Sleep Disorder- Sleep deprivation

A

decrease in the amount of quality sleep (irirability, psycosis)

43
Q

Sleep Disorder- Parasomnias

A

Somnambulism (sleepwalking), Enuresis (bed wetting), Bruxism (teeth grinding)

44
Q

Rest-Sleep Assessment

A

Sleep Diary- ID patient;s sleep patterns and ID effects on ADL’s. Use of sleep aids, assess disturbances

45
Q

Strategies to promote rest and sleep

A

Restful environment, rituals, snacks, relaxation, comfort, patterns, schedule care, teaching.

46
Q

Medications for sleep

A

Sedatives and Hypnotics- Benzodiazapines. Ativan

Nursing 110 (11 decks)

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