Module 2 Exam Review Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is a theory?
A well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for behavior and events that is used to make predictions about future observations.
What is a hypothesis?
A testable prediction that is arrived at logically from a theory, often worded as an if-then statement.
What are three key areas of disagreement among theorists?
-Passive vs. Active
-Continuity vs. Discontinuity
-Nature vs. Nurture
What is the passive vs. active debate?
The role of early experiences on later development versus current behavior reflecting present experiences.
What is the continuity vs. discontinuity debate?
Whether or not development is best viewed as occurring in stages or as a gradual and cumulative process of change.
What is nature vs. nurture debate?
The role of heredity and the environment in shaping human development.
Who were three major early scholars in the scientific study of children?
-John Locke
-Jean-Jacques Rousseau
-Charles Darwin
What did John Locke propose?
That the mind of the newborn as a tabula rasa (“blank slate”) on which knowledge is written through experience and learning.
What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau propose?
That development occurs according to innate processes and progresses through three stages: infancy, childhood, and adolescence.
What did Charles Darwin propose?
The evolution theory.
What was Freuds psycho dynamic perspective?
-Personality forms within the first few years of life
-How parents and peers interact with the child affects them for a long time
What were the three parts of Freuds theory of personality?
-Id
-Ego
-Super Ego
What is Id (FTOP)?
