Module 2 - Lesson 3: Processing and Storage Devices Flashcards
Is the one responsible for processing and converting data from input to output. Its primary function is to perform arithmetic and logical operations on data taken from the primary storage or on information entered through any input device.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Is where the instructions and
data are stored while processing
Main memory (also called primary storage)
Two types of storage in the Main memory
RAM and ROM
Is the part of the memory the computer uses to store volatile data. These are the given instructions that can be changed or erased later.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
When data are loaded or put in the RAM, it means?
Writing data
When anything access data from the RAM, it means
Reading data
Stores the given instructions for the routine operations of a computer. This part is non-volatile; it still holds the instructions even when there is a power interruption or shut-off. From the name, we can only read the information or instructions stored.
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
Are temporary storage locations. These are fast-accessed during computer processing. Bits and bits of information from the main memory and those stored back in the main memory are temporarily stored here while
performing computations
Registers
Performs all the arithmetic and logical calculations of the CPU. The arithmetic operations consist of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Logical calculations involve comparisons of two or more numbers
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Is the part of the processor that acts as a traffic controller
for the flow of instructions in the main memory. It’s functions are: controls input and output device, passes data to the ALU for computation, and, most importantly, fetches the instructions from the main memory for execution in the
CPU.
Control Unit (CU)
Are bundles of tiny wires that serve as the communication path between components of the CPU.
Buses
The three most essential buses are:
Data, Address, and Control Buses
Stores data permanently. It is outside the primary storage
and server, just like a filing cabinet. It provides cheap, non-volatile high capacity
storage
Secondary Storage
Two classes of secondary storage are:
Direct access media and Sequential Access Storage Device (SASD)
Supports sequential or random access where data can be accessed directly, unlike the SASD
Direct access media
It accesses data in a specific order
Sequential Access Storage Device
Is a sequential access storage media that stores blocks of data
along the length of its tape. Just like any sequential storage media, accessing data is serial. It is a traditional medium that is round, robust, high-capacity, and the cheapest storage medium. It is still famous for its long-term storage. High volume storage even though it is the slowest in terms of retrieval of data.
Magnetic tape
Is a direct access storage media, which, like a phonograph record, is divided into tracks and sectors. Common types include hard drives and floppy disks.
Magnetic Disk
Are stacks of permanently mounted rigid magnetic disks in a computer unit, be it internally or externally. We often use these as virtual memory or extension of RAM. Have a relatively high capacity and fast retrieval speed but very fragile.
Hard Disks
Uses integrated circuit assemblies as memory to store data persistently, typically using flash memory
Solid-state drive (sometimes called solid-state device or solid-state disk)
Which is faster SSD or HDD
SSD
Are already obsolete and are much slower than hard drives and have a minimum storage capacity only. It is ranging from 1.44 Mb to 200 Mb. Bigger storage capacity for floppy disks is called zip disk, which has a size of 120 Mb.
Floppy disks
Are rigid disks of plastic onto which data is recorded by
specialized lasers that physically burn pits into the disc
Optical Drive
Is a non-erasable disk that
stores computer data, usually in the standard system, with a 12-cm diameter with CR Recordable (CD Writer), can write data on the disk only once.
CD-ROM (Compact Disk - Read Only Memory)
