MODULE 2: Types of Research and Their Characteristics

Question 1

cluster of beliefs and dictates which for scientists in a particular discipline influence what should be studied. how research should be done and how results should be interpreted

Answer 1

• research paradigm

Question 2

what is RESEARCH PARADIGM in simpler definition?

Answer 2

• refers to group of ideas and rules that guide scientists in a specific field, pretty much a set of principles that direct scientists to their work.

Question 3

what are the two (2) types of paradigms?

Answer 3

• qualitative and quantitative

Question 4

inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem based on building a complex, holistic pictures, FORMED WITH WORDS, reporting DETAILED reviews of informants

Answer 4

• PARADIGM: Qualitative

Question 5

inquiry process into a social or human problem based on testing a theory composed of variables, MEASURED WITH NUMBERS, analyzed with STATISTICAL procedures

Answer 5

• PARADIGM: Quantitative

Question 6

researchers are primarily concerned with PROCESSES rather than outcomes

Answer 6

• QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Question 7

researchers are interested in MEANING, or how people make sense of their experiences

Answer 7

• QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Question 8

researcher is the PRIMARY INSTRUMENT for data collection and analysis

Answer 8

• QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Question 9

research involves FIELDWORK

Answer 9

• QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Question 10

research is HIGHLY DESCRIPTIVE

Answer 10

• QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Question 11

process is INDUCTIVE

Answer 11

• QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Question 12

what are the 7 APPROACHES to Qualitative Research?

Answer 12

• Phenomenology (behavior, emotive & social meanings of LIVED experiences of individuals)
• Ethnography (studying shared practices and belief systems like culture)
• Case Study (in-depth investigation of complex issues)
• Discourse/Conversation Analysis (studies naturally occurring discourse)
• Inductive Thematic Theory (concerned with presenting the stories voiced by study participants)
• Grounded Theory (set of inductive data collection and analytic methods)
• Narrative Analysis (focuses on storytelling as the source of data)

Question 13

what is PHENOMENOLOGY?

Answer 13

• understanding behavioral, emotive and social meanings of lived experiences of an individual
• emphasizes the individual’s experiences, beliefs, and perceptions

Question 14

what is ETHNOGRAPHY?

Answer 14

• focused on studying shared practices and belief systems (culture) of a group of people in their natural context over a prolonged period

Question 15

what is CASE STUDY?

Answer 15

• in-depth investigation of complex issues within a specific context based on a SMALL GEOGRAPHICAL AREA or a VERY LIMITED NUMBER OF PEOPLE as subjects of study

Question 16

what is DISCOURSE/CONVERSATION ANALYSIS?

Answer 16

• studies naturally occurring discourse and extract shared meanings from such discourse
• text is the object of analysis

Question 17

what are the four (4) THEMES of DISCOURSE/CONVERSATION ANALYSIS?

Answer 17

• discourse as topic
• discourse as form of action
• discourse is rhetorically organized
• language is constructive

Question 18

what is INDUCTIVE THEMATIC THEORY?

Answer 18

• concerned with presenting stories and experiences voiced by study participants as ACCURATELY and COMPREHENSIVELY as possible

Question 19

what is the most common qualitative data analysis used in SOCIAL, BEHAVIORAL and HEALTH sciences?

Answer 19

• INDUCTIVE THEMATIC THEORY

Question 20

what is GROUNDED THEORY?

Answer 20

• set of inductive data collection and analytic methods to construct theories grounded in the data themselves

Question 21

what is NARRATIVE ANALYSIS?

Answer 21

• focuses on storytelling as source of data
• research focus shifts from “what actually happened” to “tell me what happened”