Module 2: Unit 1 - Intro to Breast Anatomy Flashcards
BC cancer breast screening program is available for BC women ______ years or older
40 years or older
True or False: Mammography is the #1 screening modality for breast cancer and uses XRay
True
(it is the most common and most effective)
The first imaging sign of developing malignancy is _________. Which mammography is capable of detecting early
Microcalcifications
Limitations of Mammography include the FIVE:
1) Dense breast tissue (radiopaque) vs Fatty (radiolucent)
2) Cannot tell Cystic vs Solid
3) Localization
4) Malignant vs Benign features
5) Human error
Advantages to breast ULTRASOUND include these SIX:
1) Painless
2) Low cost
3) Non-Ionizing
4) Cystic/solid differentiation
5) Mass localization
6) Biopsy Guidance
Limitations of breast ULTRASOUND include these THREE:
1) Operator dependent
2) Benign vs Malignant features
3) Microcalcification detection
Five advancements in breast ultrasound include:
1) Automated whole- breast scanners
2) 3D and 4D ultrasound
3) Elastography
4) Contrast enhanced ultrasound
5) AI programs
True or False: Mammary glands are exocrine
True ( produce milk)
The glandular elements primarily function to produce milk, whereas the stromal elements consist of ____, ________ connective tissues, as well as blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
Fat
Fibrous connective tissue
Developmental anomalies include:
1) Unilateral early ripening (premature thelarche)
2) Precocious Puberty (before 8 years of age)
3) Congenital nipple inversion
4) Polythelia (MOST COMMON)
5) Polymastia
6) Hypeplasia
7) Amastia ( Failure of breast tissue to develop - usually with Athelia)
8) Amazia (Absence of breast tissue but nipple is present)
The areola contains _____ glands that are sebaceous and secrete oil during breast feeding
Montgomery
Main arterial blood supply is from the ___________ to the medial portion of the breast and branches of the _____ artery to supply the lateral aspect
Internal thoracic artery
Axillary
Lymph flows through intramammary nodes and lymph vessels into a ________ plexus
Subareolar
Intramammary lymph nodes are located within the breast especially in the _____ quadrant near the ____
Upper Outer
Axilla
True or False: Intramammary nodes are less commonly visualized on US than axillary nodes
True
The first lymph node which drains a cancerous tumor and is at most risk for mets is the ____ Lymph Node
Sentinel
_____ ligaments support the breast and are suspensory. With age they become more lax
Coopers
The three layers of the breast are the:
1) Premammary (subcutaneous fat)
2) Mammary (parenchymal)
3) Retromammary (fat, vessels, lymphatics)
The mammar layer consists of __ to __ lobes overlapping in a radial pattern. Each lobe contains _ to _ terminal ductolobular units (TDLUs)
15-20 lobes
20-40 TDLUs
TDLUs are the ___ unit of the breast and are composed of a ____ and extralobular terminal ____. TDLUs contain _____ which produce milk
Functional
Lobule
Extralobular terminal duct
Acini
Acini, the smallest functional units of the breast produce ___
Milk
____ or terminal ductules —> ______ terminal duct —-> _____ terminal duct —-> ______ duct —-> Lactiferous _____ —-> Nipple
Acini
Intralobular
Extralobular
Lactiferous
Sinus
The most significant breast condition in men are _____ and ____
Gynecomastia
Cancer
(men rarely develop lobules/adenomas etc..) NO COOPERS LIGS
What breast layer contains funcitons tissues of the breast
Mammary
