Module 2: Vital Signs

Question 1

A relative constancy in the internal environment of the body that is naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

List the 5 primary mechanisms that maintain homeostasis

Answer 2

Heartbeat, blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory rate, electrolyte balance

Question 3

The primary mechanisms that adapt to responses, inside or outside the body, to maintain homeostasis

Answer 3

Vital signs

Question 4

Reflects the degree of heat of the deep tissues of the human body

Answer 4

Body Temperature

Question 5

Normal mean body temperature

Answer 5

98.6

Question 6

Term used to describe the body’s maintenance of heat production and heat loss

Answer 6

Thermoregulation

Question 7

Which part of the brain plays an important role in regulating body temperature?

Answer 7

Hypothalamus

Question 8

Scientific term for “sweating”

Answer 8

diaphoresis

Question 9

Scientific term meaning to conserve heat

Answer 9

vasoconstriction

Question 10

Mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs

Answer 10

Ventilation

Question 11

5 routes to measure body temperature

Answer 11

oral, axillary, temporal, tympanic, rectal

Question 12

Describes oral temperature higher than 99.5 degrees

Answer 12

Hyperthermia

Question 13

A patient with a fever

Answer 13

febrile

Question 14

Patient’s temperature falls below normal range

Answer 14

Hypothermia

Question 15

Swelling

Answer 15

Edema

Question 16

Volume of air inhaled and exhaled during one respiratory cycle

Answer 16

Tidal Volume

Question 17

Act of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

Answer 17

Respiration

Question 18

The major muscle of ventilation

Answer 18

Diaphragm

Question 19

Rise of chest

Answer 19

Inspiration

Question 20

Fall of chest

Answer 20

Expiration

Question 21

Normal respiration rate for adults

Answer 21

12-20 breaths per minute

Question 22

Normal respiration rate for children under 10 years old

Answer 22

20-30 breaths per minute

Question 23

Respiration rate for newborns

Answer 23

30-60 breaths per minute

Question 24

Count for at least __________ for accuracy

Answer 24

1 minute

Question 25

Describes respiratory rates greater than 20 breaths per minute

Answer 25

tachypnea

Question 26

List 9 common cases of tachypnea

Answer 26

exercise fever anxiety decreased oxygen in blood pain infection heart failure central nervous system disease chest trauma

Question 27

Describes decrease in respiratory rate

Answer 27

Bradypnea

Question 28

List common cases of Bradypnea

Answer 28

Drug overdoses Head Trauma Hypothermia

Question 29

Describes difficult breathing

Answer 29

Dyspnea

Question 30

Describes difficulty breathing unless sitting up or standing

Answer 30

Orthopnea

Question 31

Absence of spontaneous ventilation

Answer 31

Apnea

Question 32

Function of the cardiovascular system is to transport _____________ _____________ from the __________ to the ____________ of the body and to ____________ ___________ blood back to the ________ and __________ to become __________________

Answer 32

oxygenated, blood, lungs cells, return, deoxygenated heart, lungs reoxygenated

Question 33

List the 3 common sites where pulse is measured

Answer 33

Radial artery on thumbside of wrist Brachial artery in antecubital fossa Carotid Artery in neck

Question 34

Term for listening to sounds of the body, typically through use of stethoscope

Answer 34

Auscultation

Question 35

Adult normal resting heart rate

Answer 35

60-100 BPM

Question 36

Children to 10 yrs. old normal resting heart rate

Answer 36

70-120 BPM

Question 37

Newborns normal resting heart rate

Answer 37

100-160 BPM

Question 38

List 3 devices used for continuous vital sign monitoring

Answer 38

Electrocardiographs-heart rate and rhythm Arterial lines- Catheter inserted into artery Pulse oximeters

Question 39

Noninvasive device used to provide ongoing assessment of hemoglobin oxygen saturation of arterial blood

Answer 39

Pulse Oximeter

Question 40

Normal Pulse Oximeter Reading

Answer 40

SPO2 between 95%-100%

Question 41

Inaccurate pulse oximeter readings can be caused by (4 things)

Answer 41

Patient movement Misplaced or loose electrodes, lines or probes Low blood pressure Nail polish or acrylic nails

Question 42

absense of gas from part or the whole of the lungs as a result of failure of expansion or reabsorption of gas from alveoli

Answer 42

Atelectasis

Question 43

Slowness of the heartbeat as evidenced by slowing of the pulse rate to less than 60 beats per minute

Answer 43

Bradycardia

Question 44

Pertaining to dilation or a period of relaxation of the heart, especially of the ventricles

Answer 44

Diastolic

Question 45

Reduction of oxygen supply to the tissue

Answer 45

Hypoxia

Question 46

Insertion of a tubular device into a canal, hollow organ, or cavity

Answer 46

Intubation

Question 47

Increased amounts of fluid within the pleural cavity, usually the result of inflammation

Answer 47

Pleural Effusion

Question 48

Presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity

Answer 48

Pneumothorax

Question 49

Photoelectric device used for determining the oxygen saturation of the blood

Answer 49

Pulse Oximeter

Question 50

Instrument for measuring blood pressure

Answer 50

Sphygmomanometer

Question 51

Pertaining to the tightening, or a period of contraction of the heart, especially that of the ventricles

Answer 51

Systolic

Question 52

Incision in neck that allows access directly to the trachea

Answer 52

tracheostomy

Question 53

Method for taking body temperature that takes 5-10 min

Answer 53

axillary

Question 54

Insertion of a tubular device into a canal or cavity

Answer 54

intubation

Question 55

What does PICC stand for?

Answer 55

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter

Question 56

what is suspension of breath

Answer 56

apnea

Question 57

tubes inserted through the chest wall used to drain intrapleural space or the mediastinum

Answer 57

Thoracostomy tubes (Chest tubes)

Question 58

PICC

Answer 58

Peripherally inserted Central Catheter