Module 2- Water

Question 1

when is the greatest water intake

Answer 1

during & after feeding

Question 2

how can water be toxic?

Answer 2

too much water too quickly can cause swelling of the brain

Question 3

2 basic functions of water

Answer 3

1) metabolism
2) thermoregulation

Question 4

water is a ( ) solvent

Answer 4

universal

Question 5

functions of water during metabolism (3)

Answer 5

1) transport nutrients & waste products
2) chemical reactions
3) cushioning/lubrication of organs

Question 6

what nutrient produces the most metabolic water

Answer 6

fat

Question 7

functions of water in hydrolysis (2)

Answer 7

• peptide bond formation releases water
• water is required to break down bond

Question 8

glucose oxidation reaction

Answer 8

glucose + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Question 9

core body temp

Answer 9

37-39

Question 10

forms of heat loss (2)

Answer 10

1) evaporative: cutaneous & respiratory
- sweating & panting
2) non-evaporative: conduction, convection & radiation

Question 11

conduction

Answer 11

heat loss directly from 1 object to another

Question 12

convection

Answer 12

air blowing across skin & taking heat out with it

Question 13

radiation

Answer 13

loss of heat through electromagnetic rays from skin cells

Question 14

high specific heat capacity

Answer 14

1 cal/g of water to raise temo by 1 C

Question 15

heat thermal conductivity

Answer 15

heat transfer from deep body tissues to surface

Question 16

high latent heat of vaporization

Answer 16

581 cal of heat to convert 1g of water from liquid to vapour
- panting, sweating = efficient ways to lose eat

Question 17

specific heat capacity of water

Answer 17

0.50 cal/gram C

Question 18

latent heat of vaporization of water

Answer 18

580 cal/gram

Question 19

T or F: fatty tissue contains lots of water

Answer 19

F

Question 20

T or F: muscles contain lots of water

Answer 20

T

Question 21

older animals have ( ) water & ( ) fat

Answer 21

less, more

Question 22

T or F: there is water storage in the body

Answer 22

F

Question 23

T or F: body maintains a constant level of water

Answer 23

T

Question 24

2 effects of non-constant levels of water in body

Answer 24

1) edema
2) diarrhoea

Question 25

3 sources of water for livestock

Answer 25

1) drinking water 2) water contained in feed 3) metabolic water

Question 26

what % of water does silage have

Answer 26

55-65%

Question 27

what 2 feedstuffs have the least amounts of water?

Answer 27

hay & oats

Question 28

2 major factors of water consumption

Answer 28

1) age 2) physiological state

Question 29

why do lactating animals drink higher amounts of water?

Answer 29

bc milk is 87-88% water so they need it for milk production

Question 30

what 6 factors affect water requirements?

Answer 30

1) environmental temp 2) water content of diet 3) amount & type of feed consumed 4) temperature of the water 5) physiological state 6) health status

Question 31

dairy cattle prefer ( ) water temp

Answer 31

high

Question 32

why do animals with diarrhea have a higher water requirement?

Answer 32

animal is losing water through fecal content

Question 33

T or F: animals fed hay will consume more water than those fed silage due to the lower water content in hay

Answer 33

T

Question 34

water intake & forage moisture of the feed are ( ) correlated

Answer 34

negatively

Question 35

as ambient temperature goes up, so does ( )

Answer 35

water intake

Question 36

list 3 symptoms of water deprivation

Answer 36

1) increased body temp 2) increased respiration 3) sunken eyes

Question 37

how to measure water intake

Answer 37

in-line water meters & water content of ration

Question 38

4 features of good quality water

Answer 38

1) clear & colourless 2) low total solids 3) no disease organisms or pesticides 4) no undesirable flavour or odor

Question 39

organoleptic properties

Answer 39

odour & taste

Question 40

how will water intake change if adding more protein to the diet?

Answer 40

increase bc will need to excrete more excess AA which will be catabolized into urea which is excreted in urine

Question 41

why is water a universal solvent

Answer 41

a wide variety of compounds are soluble in water

Question 42

why does salt increase water intake?

Answer 42

to maintain electrolyte balance

Question 43

T or F: high specific heat capacity minimizes changes in intracellular temp

Answer 43

T

Question 44

as more skeletal muscle is deposited, what happens to water content?

Answer 44

it increases