Module 20 - rhythms and sleep

Question 1

The master clock in mammals

Answer 1

SCN - suprachiasmatic nuclei

Question 2

First line treatment for bipolar disorder

Answer 2

lithium

Question 3

What signalling molecule is synthesised from tryptophan?

Answer 3

Melatonin - sleep hormone

Question 4

NREM 3 and NREM 4

Answer 4

Deep sleep, hard to wake up from, early stages of sleep

Question 5

A brain region/neuropeptide involved in arousal and wakefulness is the

Answer 5

Locus coeruleus/orexin

Question 6

NREM 1-4

Answer 6

Non-rapid eye movement

1 -> 4 is deeper and deeper sleep

Deeper sleep early on, REM and less deep sleep later on

Question 7

NREM2

Answer 7

Spend most sleep in here, 10-25 mins long on average

Question 8

NREM1

Answer 8

Spend least sleep in here, 1-7 mins long on average

Question 9

Chronopharmacology: what does it do?

Answer 9

Takes into account the time of day to maximise drug efficiency and minimise side effects.