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IT Theory Grade 10 > Module 2.1 > Flashcards

Module 2.1 Flashcards

refer to diagrams and tables in textbook (71 cards)

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1
Q

what are the 2 main parts of a computer

A

hardware and software

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2
Q

hardware

A

refers to all the parts of a computer that you can physically touch

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3
Q

software

A

refers to the programs (sets of instructions) that tell the computer what to do

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4
Q

examples of hardware

A

screen, keyboard, all the cables and components

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5
Q

why is a computer a system

A

it is an arrangement of many parts that work together

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6
Q

what is the basic model of the computer

A

input -> processing -> output

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7
Q

what is a computer

A

multipurpose electronic tool that can receive data (input), can process the data, can produce results and output them

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8
Q

why can a computer follow the IPO model

A

someone has loaded prewritten instructions which tells it exactly what must be done

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9
Q

information

A

result of processing of data and should be useful and meaningful

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9
Q

data

A

raw, unprocessed facts

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10
Q

input devices

A

allow us to get data into the computer

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11
Q

examples of input devices

A

keyboard and mouse

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12
Q

output devices

A

allow us to get feedback from the computer

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13
Q

example of output device

A

screen, printer and speaker

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14
Q

storage devices

A

allow computer keep instructions and data that it is not currently working on, so they can be accessed and used when needed

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15
Q

examples of storage device

A

hard drive, CD, DVD, flash disks

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16
Q

processor/ CPU

A

part of computer that executes the instructions (software), processes the data and manages and controls all the other parts of the computer

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17
Q

examples of CPU manufacturer

A

Intel

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18
Q

memory

A

place where computer temporarily stores those sets of instructions and data it is currently working with. Programs and data cannot be processed unless temporarily loaded into memory

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19
Q

RAM

A

random access memory

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20
Q

communication devices

A

allows computers to communicate with each other

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21
Q

examples of communication devices

A

routers, modems, switches

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22
Q

what has to be done for a program to be used

A

transferred from storage to memory (‘loaded’)

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23
Q

where must the data be stored if the computer wants to work with it

A

memory

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24
how to make memory permanent (save)
transfer them to storage or save
25
what instructions does the software provide
instructions to make it possible for computer to carry out tasks
26
what are the two categories of software
system and application
27
system software
software used manage and control the operation of the computer and you can not use a computer without it
28
most common example of system software
operating system
29
application software
whole set of additional programs that allow you to use the computer to do many different things
30
examples of application software
word processor, spreadsheet, databasis, etc
31
properties of software distribution which relates to the advantages and disadvantages
-cost -ownership -right to make changes and improvements to the software
32
open source software
software made available with a license that allows you to access and modify the source code but not sell the software - changes go to the community which uses the software
33
advantages of OSS
-no/low cost -access to source code -freedom to adapt/change software to suit your needs -access to community of users/support
34
disadvantages of OSS
-no one hold accountable for glitches & shortcomings -risk of poor support -higher skills needed if want use to full potential -various 'varieties' same software can arise
35
example of OSS
linux
36
proprietary software
software owned by a company - never get source code- only ever license the software, never own it. license outlines conditions under which you may install and use the software
37
disadvantages of proprietary software
-cost -expensive -cannot add features -cannot fix simple bug
38
advantages of proprietary software
-someone hold responsible should the software not work how it was meant to
39
3 types of proprietary software
-shrinkware -shareware -freeware
40
shrinkware
what you buy in stores, software in boxes sealed with shrink wrap
41
characteristics of shrinkware
-may not be copied -generally used on only one computer
42
shareware
download & copy/share with friends
43
characteristics of shareware
-limited in features/time -uses free trials -cheaper than shrinkware because you dont have to ay a middle man
44
freeware
download & copy/share with friends
45
characteristics of shareware
differs from OSS as it is free but cannot access source code`
46
what is meant by greater processing power
process more data and run programs and retrieve information more quickly
47
what is referred to as 'powerful' in computer terms
- speed & performance of CPUs - amount of storage space - size of memory ( larger memory, more programs & data loaded process at any one time)
48
servers
powerful computers that are used in network environment to help 'run' a network of linked computers, not used by users directly used supply services connected and users on network
49
consumer tablets
small portable devices designed to be controlled through touch screen interfaces which have wifi, bluetooth communication built in
50
examples of consumer tablets
iPad, galaxy tab, Playbook, Xoom, HP Touchpad
51
tablet PCs
normal laptop style computers that have an ability to work with a stylus which are more expensive than consumer tablets and laptops and have lower battery life (not sold well)
52
dedicated devices are also known as
embedded systems
53
use of sever
providing services to users in a network
54
use of desktop, laptop, notebook, netbook, Tablet PC
productive work and use of application allow one be creative
55
use of consumer tablet
use digital content, access web & email, create documents, play games
56
smartphone
mobile access to connectivity and services
57
advantages of using computers
-fast and accurate -good at repetitive tasks -do not get tired/complain/demand increase pay -multi-purpose -enable faster communication -excellent at keeping records -allow various methods to process and analyse data
58
disadvantages of using computers
-only as good as they are used and the data that is fed to them -only used limited number physical applications -very expensive -can not think/solve problems -need trained & skilled programmers and operators -quickly outdated -may need specialised program to fix a problem
59
ICT system
combination of hardware, software, data, processes and people with purpose to collect, manipulate, convey, store and retrieve data and information
60
information
manipulated or processed data
61
communication
process of transferring data/information from one place to another
62
technology
-system technologies (hardware & software) -communication technologies (networks & communication devices) -Internet technologies (internet, WWW, e-communication)
63
data warehousing
how to securely store, manage & retrieve such large amounts of data
64
data mining
how to process and analyse this data looking for valuable information that you did not know was there
65
why does large chains need efficient data communications
link all separate locations together and gather data from each store to a central point for efficient managing and planning
66
aspects of system make supermarket chain work
-POS systems use barcodes & scanning make process adding total bill faster and more efficient -scanning more accurate & prevents errors in capture of prices if someone type -allows scanned items removed from computerised database of what is in stock (better inventory management) -data sent head office stock ordering and management decisions made efficiently -
67
what an ICT system allows a supermarket chain to do
-order only right amount of stock when needed -find which items not selling and remove from shelves -track sales know what sells well in different stores -build database after couple years analyse trends
68
what do cell phone companies use an ICT system for
-contracts -ensuring adequate supplies & stock of cellphones -generating finance for expansion and maintenance -tracking and billing call durations, SMSs, data transfers, free time talk, expiry
69
what can the data collected by a cellphone company tell you
-list how many calls made to which numbers and for how long -total number minutes used and to bill you -total amount data transferred and bill you
70
POS system
point of sale system - specialised software and hardware designed used at the till point which manages stock and creates reports when stock is sols

IT Theory Grade 10 (14 decks)

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