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Immunizations > Module 2.1 > Flashcards

Module 2.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ETEC known as?

A

enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (ETEC) - also known as traveller’s diarrhea

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2
Q

How do you get cholera

A

is associated with poor sanitation and is generally acquired form contaminated water or food, particularly undercooked or raw shellfish and fish

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3
Q

Incubation period of cholera?

A

2 hrs - 5 days

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4
Q

How is ETEC transmitted

A

by contaminated food and less often, contaminated water

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5
Q

Who would benefit from protestation against cholera and ETEC?

A

travellers to cholera-endemic countries who will be at significantly increased risk of exposure

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6
Q

How long does protection last from cholera vaccine?

A
  • lasts for 2 years in persons 6 years of age and older

- lasts for 6 months in children aged 2-5

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7
Q

How long does protection last against ETEC ?

A

3 months

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8
Q

Describe the primary immunization of cholera vaccine for 2-5 year olds

A

3 doses orally, 1-6 weeks apart

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9
Q

Describe the primary immunization of cholera vaccine for 6 years and up

A

2 doses orally, 1-6 weeks apart

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10
Q

Describe the primary immunization of ETEC for ppl 2 and up

A

2 doses orally, 1-6 weeks apart

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11
Q

General instructions for primary immunization against cholera and ETEC

A
  • if more than 6 weeks elapses between doses, repeat primary series
  • give final dose at least 1 week before departure
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12
Q

Booster for cholera for 2-5 years?

A

1 dose every 6 months

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13
Q

Booster for cholera for 6 years and up?

A

1 dose every 2 years

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14
Q

Booster for ETEC?

A

1 dose every 3 months

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15
Q

General instructions for booster immunization against cholera and ETEC?

A

If more than 5 years have passed since primary immunization or last booster dose, repeat primary series

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16
Q

Cholera and ETEC:
Avoid oral admin of medicinal products or intake of food or drink for ______ before and _____ after vaccine administration

A

1 hour, 1 hour

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17
Q

Cholera and ETEC:
Separate the administration of cholera and traveller’s diarrhea vaccine and oral typhoid vaccine by at least ______ hours

A

8

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18
Q

Cholera and ETEC:

Most common adverse effects?

A

ab pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting

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19
Q

ETEC causes approximately _____% of travellers’ diarrhea

A

25-50%

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20
Q

Cholera and ETEC:

The vaccine is highly effective for ______.

A

cholera

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21
Q

Cholera and ETEC:

The vaccine only has a marginal benefit for ________ _______

Study These Flashcards
A

traveller’s diarrhea

22
Q

Cholera and ETEC:

Vaccine ok for pregnant women?

Study These Flashcards
A

Not been studied. May be considered in high risk situations

23
Q

Cholera and ETEC:

Vaccine ok in breastfeeding women?

24
Q

Diptheria:

How is it transmitted?

Study These Flashcards
A

by inhalation of aerosolized droplets and through fomites soiled by infected persons

25
Diptheria: | symptoms ?
- membranous pharyngitis - fever - enlarged lymph nodes - "bull neck" - respiratory obstruction
26
When is DTap-IPV-Hib given?
2, 4, 6, and 12-23 months booster dose at 4-6 years of age and 10 years later (14-16 years old)
27
DTap-IPV-Hib can be combined with what?
HB (hepatitis B)
28
Td vaccine booster required every __ years
10
29
T or F: diphtheria toxoid vaccines are available as combination and single vaccine
false - only available as combination
30
For people less than 7 that have not been immunized what is the schedule for DTap-IPV?
- 3 doses of DTap-IPV (with or without Hib) every 8 weeks - Booster 6-12 months after the 3rd dose - Booster at age 4-6 years (school entry) and 10 years later * Note: booster at 4-6 years old is not required if the 4th dose of diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine was administered after the 4th birthday
31
For people between 7-17 that have not been immunized what is the schedule for DTap-IPV?
3 doses of Tdap-IPV vaccine with an interval of 8 weeks between the first two doses and the third dose administered 6-12 months after the 2nd dose. -Booster every 10 years
32
For people over 18 that have not been immunized what is the schedule for DTap-IPV?
1 dose of Tdap-IPV and 2 doses of Td-IPV Tdap-IPV given first followed 8 weeks later by a dose of Td-IPV. 6 - 12 months later give another dose of Td-IPV
33
The diphtheria vaccine provides _____ protection and it is not antibacterial. Therefore, a patient can still be infected by the bacteria but is protected from the potentially lethal systemic effects
antitoxic
34
With Hib infection _______ are especially likely to be affected
meninges
35
What are some complications associated with Hib infection?
- meningitis - epiglottis - septic arthritis - cellulitis
36
When is Hib vaccine usually given?
2, 4, 6, and 12-23 months
37
What age group is Hib indicated for?
- 2 months to 4 years of age | * after 5 years old, it is not indicated unless they are high risk (asplenia, cochlear implant, HIV, HSCT)
38
Hib was the most common type of ??
bacterial meningitis
39
Hib disease is not common past __ years of age
5
40
Hep A: | acquired through which route?
fecal-oral route | *contaminated water or foods
41
Hep A: | Incubation period
15-50 days
42
Hep A: | Severity of illness ______ with age
increases
43
Hep A: | Who is the vaccine recommended for?
- travellers or people exposed to Hep A endemic areas - men who have sex with men - illicit drug users - chronic liver disease
44
Hep A: | Can the vaccine be given post-exposure?
Yes - recommended for people over 1 year of age - preferably within 14 days of exposure
45
Hep A: | How effective is pre-exposure vaccine?
85-90%
46
T or F: humans are the only known host for Hep B
true
47
Hep B: | How is it transmitted?
through coming into contact with Hep B infected body fluids - sexual contact - perinatal transmission from mother to infant at birth - needle sharing
48
Hep B: | Inc period?
45-160 days
49
Hep B: who is it recommended for?
- all children - pre exposure hep B for high risk groups - post exposure for infants born to hep B infected mothers, household or sexual contacts
50
Hep B: | recommended dosing schedule for infants?
at months 0, 1 and 6

Immunizations (16 decks)

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