Module 21: Bleeding

Question 1

Where are the voids?

Answer 1

behind the neck, lumbar spine, the knees, and the ankles

Question 2

For life threatening hemorrhage, bleeding should be treated __ during the primary assessment.

Answer 2

first.

Question 3

What is the function of white blood cells (leukocytes)?

Answer 3

fight infection

Question 4

What is the function of platelets (thrombocytes)?

Answer 4

Responsible for forming clots

Question 5

The body will not tolerate a blood loss greater than __% of blood volume, about ___ pints.

Answer 5

20
2 pints

Question 6

What are the three ways bleeding is classified?

Answer 6

arterial, capillary, venous

Question 7

What are the characteristics of arterial bleeding?

Answer 7

blood spurts/pulsates
difficult to control
brighter red (oxygenated)

Question 8

What are the characteristics of venous bleeding?

Answer 8

flows slowly/rapidly/steadily, easier to manage
not pulsatile
darker red

Question 9

What are the steps of blood clot formation?

Answer 9

vasoconstriction
coagulation

Question 10

When will blood clots not form?

Answer 10

movement
diseases
medications
removal of bandages
severe injury

Question 11

What does DCAP-BTLS stand for? When does it occur?

Answer 11

Used for trauma pts with blunt/penetrating trauma

deformities
contusions
abrasions
punctures/penetrations
Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
Swelling

Question 12

Compare hematemesis and hemopytsis

Answer 12

hematemesis: vomiting blood
Hemoptysis: coughing up blood

Question 13

When should you ask trauma and medical patients if they’re bleeding?

Answer 13

primary assessment, and ALWAYS ask

Question 14

What is the function of red blood cells (erythrocytes)?

Answer 14

transport O2 to cells and expel CO2

Question 15

Compare early signs of hypoperfusion to late

Answer 15

early:
change in mental status
weakness and dizziness when standing
pale skin

late:
*tachycardia
weakness and dizziness at rest
*thirst
*nausea and vomiting
cool clammy skin

Question 16

What PPE should be donned during life threatening external hemorrhage?

Answer 16

gloves, gown (may not be enough time), mask, shield

Question 17

Name the three steps to stopping bleeding

Answer 17

1. apply pressure with hands
2. applying dressing and press
3. apply tourniquet

Question 18

___ is the most effective way of stopping bleeding

Answer 18

direct pressure

Question 19

4x4 are generally used for

Answer 19

lacerations

Question 20

ABD pads are used for

Answer 20

burns, intestines

Question 21

Bandages _____ dressings in place

Answer 21

hold

Question 22

Bandages should be concerned by…

Answer 22

tying it off

Question 23

If the bleeding soaks through the dressing, should you add more?

Answer 23

No, add a tourniquet

Question 24

Of bleeding continues after applying a tourniquet, what can be done?

Answer 24

apply another, either on or above it

Question 25

What is unique about hemostatic agents? When are they used?

Answer 25

they have a chemical agent that helps stop bleeding (chitosan) they are used to pack the wound in non-extremities that cannot be given a tourniquet, such as the armpits, high shoulder and groin (not including abdomen or chest)

Question 26

Describe the process of wound packing

Answer 26

1. try to identify bleeding point 2. pressure 3. take gauze, roll into ball, and pack while maintaining pressure 3. Hold pressure over wound for three minutes after packing completely 4. apply pressure dressing

Question 27

Where should the nose be pinched during epistaxis? Describe the pts position during this prcoess

Answer 27

distal to nasal bone have pt lean forward (not back)

Question 28

The most common cause of epistaxis is ___

Answer 28

distal trauma (picking nose)

Question 29

A 22-year-old male has been shot in crease of his groin. He is bleeding significaly from the gun shot wound. You should:

Answer 29

pack the wound with hemostatic dressing

Question 30

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:

Answer 30

veins are under a lower pressure

Question 31

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with: dyspnea hemoptysis hematemesis hematuria

Answer 31

hematemesis

Question 32

If direct pressure with sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

Answer 32

a tourniquet proximal to the injury

Question 33

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

Answer 33

arterioles

Question 34

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for up to 2 hours?

Answer 34

bones

Question 35

You are attempting to control severe bleeding from a laceration behind a patient’s knee. You have applied direct pressure to the wound and elevated the leg, but it continues to bleed severely. You should: elevate the pt's legs apply a pressure dressing to the wound apply a tourniquet proximal to the knee apply pressure to femoral artery

Answer 35

apply a tourniquet proximal to the knee