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LMS Modules Auraprep > Module 7: Airway > Flashcards

Module 7: Airway Flashcards

1
Q

Define ventilation. What are the muscles involved? What are the two phases?

A

act of moving air in and out
muscles involved: diaphragm, intercostal muscles, pectorals
Phases: Inhalation (active) exhalation (passive)

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2
Q

What are the two goals of the respiratory system?

A
  1. bring in oxygen to create energy
  2. get out CO2 to maintain homeostasis
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3
Q

Where does gas exchange take place?

A

Between pulmonary capillaries and alveoli

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4
Q

If you stop breathing what gas would be kept in bloodstream?

A

CO2

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5
Q

What is respiration?

A

Gas exchange

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6
Q

what is the carbonic drive?

A

The brain stem controls ventilation based on feedback it receives regarding the amount of CO2 circulating in the blood. The higher the CO2, the more you breathe.

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7
Q

What is the hypoxic drive?

A

Body relies on low levels of oxygen to drive breathing due to high levels of carbon (often caused by smoking)

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8
Q

Compare carbonic drive to hypoxic drive

A

carbonic: high levels of Co2=Drive to breath
Hypoxic: low levels of O2=Drive to breath

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9
Q

Name some signs and symptoms of inadequate breathing

A

-unequal chest expansion
-tripod position
-increased effort
-shallow depth
-Pale, cyanotic, cool, or moist skin
- skin pulling in around ribs during inspiration
-abnormal skin color
-altered mental status
-low pulse ox

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10
Q

What are some interferences with pulse oximetry?

A

nail polish, cold fingers, carbon monoxide poisoning

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11
Q

What is the psi for a full tank and what is the psi for an empty tank?

A

full: 2000
empty: 500

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12
Q

an NRB reuqires an LPM of ___ while a nasal cannula requires an LPM of ____

A

NRB:10-15
Nasal cannula: 2-6

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13
Q

An NRB delivers __% oxygen. The bag should be ___ full at all times

A

90%, 3/4ths

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14
Q

A nasal cannula delivers __ to __% oxygen

A

24-44%

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15
Q

What is the best way to ventilate a pt with a tracheostomy?

A

create a seal over the stoma, typically by using a pediatric mask

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16
Q

What should you do if a tracheostomy tube falls out?

A

leave it out, do not try to reposition

17
Q

When is humidified oxygen useful?

A

Burns
pediatric patients
long transports

18
Q

Should you immediately connect PPV to supplemental oxygen?

A

No, wastes time

19
Q

Should you use CPAP on an unresponsive patient?

A

No, only responsive patients

20
Q

Who approves use of CPAP?

A

Medical director

21
Q

A pt is effectively able to ventilate but requires supplemental oxygen. What device should be used?

A

nasal cannula or NRB

22
Q

A pt has worsening dyspnea but is still conscious. What device should be used?

A

CPAP

23
Q

A patient is in respiratory failure and/or is apneic. What device should be use?

A

BVM or pocket face mask

24
Q

Can a nasal cannula, NRB, or CPAP cause the chest to rise?

A

No, only possible with BVM or pocket face mask

25
Q

Describe characteristics of an OPA. What sort of patients are they used on? What are they used for? How are they inserted? What are the contraindications?

A

-Unresponsive pts
-prevents tongue from obstructing airway
-Inserted at 180 or 90 degree angle, follows contour of tongue
-not for pts with gag reflex

26
Q

Describe characteristics of an NPA. What sort of patients are they used on? How are they inserted? What sort of pts should they NOT be used on?

A

-used on pts with gag refliex or clenched teeth
-measured in one way
-Needs to be lubricated
- CANNOT be used on pts with facial trauma or w cerebral spinal fluid

27
Q

How many mmHg should suction devices attain?

A

-300mmHg

28
Q

If secretions are too large to suction, what should EMT do?

A

Roll pt to side and clear airway with gloved finger

29
Q

A rigid suction is also called___

A

yankauer catheter

30
Q

What must be done for neutral alignment in pediatric pts?

A

Put a towel under them so their neck is straight

31
Q

What should you do for a pt with dentures when it comes to airway obstruction?

A

Depends. If they are broken dislodged, remove. If securely in, keep them.

32
Q

In a healthy individual, the primary stimulus to breathe is a(n):
1. decreased level of CO2 in blood
2. Increased level of O2 in blood
3. Increased level of CO2 in blood
4. Decreased level of O2 in blood

A
  1. Increased level of CO2 in blood
33
Q

A 22-year-old male patient is having an active seizure. How should you manage his airway?

A

Insert an NPA

34
Q

Breathing is controlled by an area in the
1. spine
2. diaphragm
3. lungs
4. brain stem

A

brain stem

35
Q

In which of the following patients would a nasopharyngeal airway be contraindicated?
1. a pt who fell 20 feet and hit their head
2. an unconscious pt w an intact gag reflex
3. a semiconscious pt with a gag reflex
4. an unconscious pt who gags when you insert an NPA

A
  1. a pt who fell 20 feet and hit their head
36
Q

The EMT should assess a patient’s tidal volume by:
1. assessing for cyanosis
2. observing adequate chest rise
3. counting respiratory rate
4. measuring oxygen saturation

A
  1. observing adequate chest rise
37
Q

You are delivering oxygen to a patient with a nasal cannula at 4 L/min when he begins to complain of a burning sensation in his nose. You should:
1. apply an NRB
2. attach oxygen humidifier
3. increase flow rate to 6 L/min
4. remove nasal cannula

A
  1. attach oxygen humidifier
38
Q

Which is true about a child’s airway compared to an adult
1. airway less deeply curved
2. trachea is more flexible
3. tongue is proportionally larger
4. trachea is larger

A
  1. airway less deeply curved
  2. trachea is more flexible
  3. tongue is proportionally larger

LMS Modules Auraprep (36 decks)

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