Module 24 KT

Question 1

adventitious

Answer 1

extra, abnormal sounds of breathing - wheezing or crackles

Question 2

alveoli

Answer 2

small air sacs; the site of gas exchange

Question 3

angina

Answer 3

a temporary imbalance between the amount of oxygen needed by the heart and the amount delivered to the heart muscles, causing chest pain or discomfort

Question 4

atelectasis

Answer 4

incomplete lung expansion or the collapse of alveoli

Question 5

atria

Answer 5

the upper chambers of the heart; receive blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the left and right pulmonary veins

Question 6

atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 6

a mass of tissue located at the bottom right atrium

Question 7

atrioventricular bundle

Answer 7

a group of fibers; also known as the bundle of His

Question 8

bradypnea

Answer 8

slow breathing

Question 9

bronchial

Answer 9

loud high pitched sounds heard primarily over the trachea and larynx

Question 10

bronchovesicular

Answer 10

medium pitched blowing sounds heard over the major bronchi

Question 11

capnography

Answer 11

a technique used to measure the carbon dioxide levels in expired gas

Question 12

cardiopulmonary

Answer 12

the demand for oxygen is met by the function of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems

Question 13

cardiovascular

Answer 13

the heart and blood vessels

Question 14

cilia

Answer 14

microscopic hair-like projections

Question 15

circulation

Answer 15

the continuous one-way circuit of blood through the blood vessels

Question 16

crackles

Answer 16

frequently heard on inspiration, are soft, high pitched discontinuous (intermittent) popping sounds; they are produced by air passing through fluid in airways

Question 17

diffusion

Answer 17

the movement of gas or particles from areas of higher pressure or concentration to areas of lower pressure or concentration

Question 18

dyspnea

Answer 18

difficulty breathing

Question 19

dysrhythmia

Answer 19

a disturbance of the rate or rhythm of the heart; also known as arrythmia

Question 20

electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer 20

electrodes attached to the skin can detect the hearts electrical currents and transmit them to this instrument that produces a record

Question 21

expiration

Answer 21

exhalation; the passive phase, is the movement of air out of the lungs

Question 22

hyperventilation

Answer 22

increased rate an depth of ventilation, above the body’s normal metabolic requirements

Question 23

hypoventilation

Answer 23

decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs

Question 24

hypoxemia

Answer 24

insufficient oxygen in the blood

Question 25

hypoxia

Answer 25

a condition in which an inadequate amount of oxygen is available to cells

Question 26

inspiration

Answer 26

inhalation; the active phase, involves movement of muscles and the thorax to bring air into the lungs

Question 27

internal respiration

Answer 27

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the circulating blood and tissue cells

Question 28

ischemia

Answer 28

decreased oxygen supply to the heart caused by insufficient blood supply

Question 29

myocardial infarction

Answer 29

one type of acute coronary syndrome characterized by the death of heart tissue due to lack of oxygen

Question 30

oxygenation

Answer 30

the process of providing life-sustaining oxygen to the body's cells

Question 31

perfusion

Answer 31

the process by which oxygenated capillary blood passes through body tissues

Question 32

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 32

the movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 33

pulse oximetry

Answer 33

a noninvasive technique that measures the peripheral arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation of arterial blood

Question 34

respiration

Answer 34

involves gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries

Question 35

sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 35

a mass of tissue in the upper right atrium, just below the opening of the superior vena cava; this node initiates the transmission of electrical impulses causing contraction of the heart at regular intervals (pacemaker)

Question 36

spirometer

Answer 36

an instrument that measures lung volumes and airflow

Question 37

sputum

Answer 37

the respiratory secretion expelled by coughing or clearing the throat

Question 38

surfactant

Answer 38

a detergent-like phospholipid, reduces the surface tension between the moist membranes of the alveoli, preventing their collapse

Question 39

tachypnea

Answer 39

rapid breathing

Question 40

tracheostomy

Answer 40

an artificial opening made into the trachea, usually at the level of the second or third cartilaginous ring

Question 41

tracheostomy tube

Answer 41

a curved tube inserted through the opening

Question 42

ventricles

Answer 42

the lower chambers of the heart; force blood out of the heart through the left and right pulmonary arteries and the aorta

Question 43

vesicular

Answer 43

low-pitched, soft sounds heard over peripheral lung fields

Question 44

wheezes

Answer 44

continuous musical sounds, produces as air passes through airways constricted by swelling, narrowing, secretions, or tumors