module 26- on exam 3

Question 1

use a rapidly vibrating irrigated working-end to dislodge calculus from the tooth surface, disrupt plaque biofilm and flush out bacteria from the periodontal pocket

Answer 1

powered instrumentation devices

Question 2

a powered ultrasonic device may consist of:

Answer 2

an ultrasonic generator and a handpiece with interchangeable instrument working-ends or inserts

Question 3

convert air pressure into high frequency sound waves that produce vibrations of the powered working-end; low frequency of 3000 to 8000 cycles per second-driven by compressed air from dental unit

Answer 3

sonic powered device

Question 4

convert electrical energy into high frequency sound waves that produce rapid vibrations of the powered working end. 18000 to 50000 cycles per second

Answer 4

ultrasonic powered devices

Question 5

ultrasonic divided into

Answer 5

piezo and magneto devices

Question 6

use electrical energy to activate crystals within the handpiece to produce vibrations of the powered working-end

Answer 6

piezoelectric devices

Question 7

transfer electrical energy to metal stacks or a ferrous rod to produce vibrations of the powered working-end

Answer 7

magnetostrictive devices

Question 8

constant flushing action within the periodontal pocket is termed

Answer 8

fluid lavage

Question 9

the formation of tiny bubbles when the water stream contacts the vibrating working end

Answer 9

cavitation

Question 10

when the tiny bubbles collapse, they produce shock waves that may alter of destroy bacteria by

Answer 10

tearing the bacterial cell walls

Question 11

the measure of how many times a powered working-end vibrates per second

Answer 11

frequency

Question 12

a measure of how far the powered working end moves back and forth during one cycle

Answer 12

amplitude

Question 13

the ______ of a powered instrument is primarily determined by a combination of frequency and amplitude

Answer 13

cleaning efficiency

Question 14

a combination of low frequency(few vibrations) and amplitude(short strokes) is ideal for

Answer 14

disruption of plaque biofilm from the root surface(deplaquing)

Question 15

a combination of high frequency(many vibrations) combined with high amplitude(long strokes) is ideal for the removal of

Answer 15

tenacious calculus deposits

Question 16

what strokes are better for calculus removal?

Answer 16

slow, overlapping vertical and oblique strokes

Question 17

are larger in size and have shorter shank lengths than slim perio working-ends. comparable to sickle scalers and universal curets in function

Answer 17

standard working-ends

Question 18

are up to 40% smaller in size and have longer, more complex shanks than standard working-ends

Answer 18

slim perio working-ends

Question 19

these working ends are used for heavy deposit removal; supragingival use and subgingival deposits easily accessed without undue tissue distension(moderate to heavy use)

Answer 19

standard working ends

Question 20

these working ends are used for light to moderate deposits and deplaquing; instrumentation of root concavities and furcation areas; used for not alot of calculus

Answer 20

slim perio working ends

Question 21

working ends that have a rectangular, trapezoidal, or beveled cross section are most effective for what

Answer 21

calculus removal

Question 22

working ends that are round in cross section are most effective at removal of

Answer 22

plaque biofilm (deplaquing)

Question 23

used for removal of light to moderate calculus deposits on root concavities, convexities, and furcations at low power setting

Answer 23

curved slim perio tips

Question 24

powered instrument working ends coated with what for instrumentation of dental implants

Answer 24

nonmetallic plastic or carbon material

Question 25

1 mm of wear of wear results approximately how much percent of loss of efficiency

Answer 25

25 %

Question 26

2mm of wear results in how much percent of loss of efficiency?

Answer 26

50%-- should be discarded

Question 27

the powered working end is positioned with the lateral surface in a transverse (crosswire) orientation to the long axis of the tooth

Answer 27

transverse working end orientation

Question 28

can be used when removing calculus deposits above or slightly below the gingival margin

Answer 28

transverse working end orientation

Question 29

the powered working-end is positioned with the lateral surface against the tooth surface, in a similar manner to a universal curet in a toe-down position

Answer 29

vertical working end orientation

Question 30

used for calculus removal and deplaquing when instrumenting shallow or deep periodontal pockets

Answer 30

vertical working end orientation

Question 31

what strokes are most effective for medium calculus deposits

Answer 31

vertical and oblique

Question 32

what strokes are most effective for subgingival biofilm removal

Answer 32

horizontal strokes