Module 3 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is Data Saturation?
Once the information on the interviews becomes repetitive, then you can be confident that you have collected enough data
(make sure you don’t interview people from the same network/subgroup. Otherwise it will get repetitive very fast)
What are the goals of Data Analysis?
- To reduce data
2. Draw inferences (i.e. plausible relationships, building new hypotheses, etc.)
What is the process of Data Analysis?
- Segmentation
Reduce data into manageable and comprehensible pieces - Reassemble
make sense of the data from a theoretical perspective
What are the 2 underlying approaches for analyzing qualitative data?
- Inductive
Look at the data and see what it is telling you (i.e. for exploratory research) - Deductive
Look for concepts and themes in your data
Eventually both are combined
What are some of the methods for qualitative data analysis?
- Narrative Analysis
- Hermeneutics
- Semiotics
- Content Analysis
- Conversation Analysis
- Discourse Analysis
- Grounded Theory
Coding
etc.
What is Discourse Analysis?
Analyzing how text or language are constructed by the social context
Descriptive or critical
Suitable data types: verbal and written
What is Narrative Analysis?
In narrative analysis, you analyze stories, subjective recollections of events
to see how people make sense of events
Can be used to explore topics like leaderships, culture, group behavior, etc.
Suitable data sources: verbal and written
What is Thematic Analysis?
A method to identify, analyze and report patters(themes) in the data
It is used to understand common shared experiences and behaviors. The goal is to describe a phenomenon by showing how relevant themes relate to one another
Analyzed by coding for themes
What is Grounded Theory?
Grounded Theory is a systematic coding process, it is inductive and iterative
Analysis and theory building takes place during and after data collection.
1. Identify major themes in the data
2. Describe categories, define main and sub categories
3. Selective codes: core categories that help you build a theoretical model
Repeat
What is a Gioia Template?
The Gioia template offers a very structured coding strategy for Grounded Theory.
You also start with raw data and through iterative cycles of analysis reach multiple levels of higher abstraction
What constitutes “findings”?
Data is not findings
Analysis is not findings
Findings are based on interpretation of the researcher
“Theoretical findings are a coherent framework that attempts to describe, understand, and explain aspects of social life.”
What is the difference between deductive and inductive coding?
Deductive coding starts from an initial list of codes based on a design hypothesis/theory
Inductive coding develops initially descriptive, then more analytic codes based on the primary data
What is rhetorical analysis?
Rhetorical analysis is one of the tools best suited for identifying how a communicative message seeks to have an impact on its audiences. The focus here is again on the composition of the texts, and not the actual impact of those texts on audiences
What are the 3 pillars of Rhetorical Analysis?
1.LOGOS: Rational reasoning
The structure of argumentation,
i.e. what are the premises and the conclusions? what is the logic of moving from premises o the conclusions?
- PATHOS: Emotional Appeal
The us of emotions,
i.e. what emotions are stirred by the use of certain words, stories or images? - ETHOS: Reputation of the speaker
The mechanisms through which the speaker builds and invokes their credibility
i.e. how is the speaker demonstrating their expertise? Why should we trust them?
With what kinds of texts does Rhetorical Analysis work well?
With texts with a persuasive intent:
- Electoral Campaigns
- Advertisements
- Publish Speeches
- etc.
What is the focus of Thematic Analysis method?
The focus of thematic analysis is on examining and converting research data to identify and report on key patterns within the data, i.e. the “themes”.
What is a “theme” in thematic analysis?
A theme captures something important about the data in relation to the research question.
Is Thematic Analysis conducted in a deductive or inductive method?
Thematic analysis can be conducted in a deductive OR inductive manners.
i.e.
Deductive: creation of relevant categories may be developed based on underlying theory from the field or the research question
Inductive: creation of categories based on the data that we find
In most cases we use both.
How is thematic analysis conducted?
Braun and Clarke’s method
- Reading and re-reading, writing down initial ideas
- Generate initial codes
- Merge similar/related codes into larger categories/themes
- Revise and improve the themes, refine each theme, develop clear definition of what each theme pertains, pay attention to nuances, contradictions, and difference within the themes.
In short: condensing the data into themes and then expanding each main theme to capture its complexity
How is Braun and Clarke’s Thematic Analysis method different from the Kurchartz method?
Both start with familiarizing with the data.
But then Brain and Clarke’s approach focuses on developing codes that are then collated into themes
(INDUCTIVE approach)
but Kuckartz focuses on creating topical categories/themes and applying them to the data in order to create initial codes.
(DEDUCTIVE approach). Research question is a part of the analysis process.
What is the key advantage of thematic analysis?
- Flexibility
However, it’s also the main disadvantage because it requires reflexivity on the part of the researcher - Suitable for large amounts of data, multiple researchers can be involved.
What are the main disadvantages of the thematic analysis?
Concerns about the reliability and the verification of themes
and the potential to overlook key pieces of data that may be outside of the expected or developed categories
Is Grounded Theory an inductive or deductive approach? Explain.
Grounded theory is an Inductive approach. Rather than impose a theory on a given research topic, grounded theory derives the codes and themes from the data.
What are the 2 basic rules of category building in Grounded theory according to Glaser and Strauss?
- Categories must not be forced on the data, instead they should emerge form the ongoing process of data analysis
- Theoretical sensitivity:
Any development of categories requires the researcher to employ theoretical sensitivity,
meaning that the researcher must be open to seeing and reflecting upon data material with the help of theoretical terms
