Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Law of Mass Conservation

A

Matter cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms.

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2
Q

Element

A

Any substance that cannot be decomposed into less massive substances.

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3
Q

The element abbreviation which appears on the periodic chart is usually…

A

…either the first or the first two letters of the element’s English or Latin name.

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4
Q

Even though hydrogen is left of the jagged line…

A

…it is always considered a nonmetal.

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5
Q

If an element appears to the left of the jagged line on the periodic table of elements it is a…

A

…metal.

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6
Q

If an element appears to the right of the jagged line on the periodic table of elements, it is considered…

A

…a non-metal.

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7
Q

What is the difference between a metal and a non-metal?

A

Metals are usually malleable, have luster, and are able to conduct electricity. Non-metals are typically brittle, lack luster, and do not conduct electricity.

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8
Q

Compounds

A

Substances that can be decomposed into elements by chemical means.

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9
Q

The Law of Definite Proportions

A

The proportion of elements in any compound is always the same.

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10
Q

The Law of Multiple Proportions

A

If two elements combine to form different compounds, the ratio of the masses of the second element that react with a fixed mass of the first element will be a simple, whole-number ratio.

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11
Q

A compound is ionic if…(periodic table)

A

…it contains at least one metal atom and at least one nonmetal atom.

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12
Q

A compound is covalent if…(periodic table)

A

…it is made up of solely nonmetal atoms.

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13
Q

Mono

A

one

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14
Q

Di

A

two

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15
Q

Tri

A

three

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16
Q

Tetra

17
Q

Penta

18
Q

Hexa

19
Q

Hepta

20
Q

Octa

21
Q

Nona

22
Q

Deca

23
Q

What are the three rules for naming ionic compounds?

A
  1. Start with the name of the first atom in the molecule
  2. Take the next atom in the molecule and replace its ending with an “ide” suffix
  3. Putting those two names together gives you the compound’s name
24
Q

What is the special rule for naming a covalent compound?

A

Add prefixes in front of the name of each atom in the compound.

25
What are the four assumptions of Dalton's Atomic Theory?
1. All elements are composed of small, individual particles called "atoms" 2. All atoms of the same element have exactly the same properties 3. Atoms of different elements have different properties 4. Compounds are formed when atoms are joined together. Since atoms are indivisible, they can only join together in simple, whole-number ratios.
26
What is the Continuous Theory of Matter?
It is the theory that substances are composed of long, unbroken blobs of matter.
27
What is the discontinuous theory of matter?
It is the theory that matter is composed of tiny, individual particles.