Module 3

Question 1

This protozoan – a single giant cell – swims by means of the beating cilia that cover its surface.

Answer 1

Paramecium

Question 2

This type of single-celled green algae is found all over the world – in soil, fresh water, oceans, and even in the snow at the top of mountains. The cell makes its food like plants do – via photosynthesis – and it pulls itself through the water using its paired flagella to do the breast stroke.

Answer 2

Chlamydomonas

Question 3

This yeast cell, used in baking bread, reproduces itself by a process called budding.

Answer 3

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 4

This bacterium – a causative agent of stomach uclers – uses a handful of whiplike flagella to propel itself through the stomach lining.

Answer 4

Helicobacter pylori

Question 5

This is the term for maintaining a relatively constant environment

Answer 5

Homeostasis

Question 6

These provide the instructions for cell form, function, and complex behaviour

Answer 6

Genes

Question 7

This is what the cell wall of a prokaryotic cell is made up of

Answer 7

Peptidoglycan

Question 8

True or False? Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms with no membrane-bound organelles

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

How do prokaryotic cells reproduce and at what speed?

Answer 9

Dividing into two; quickly

Question 10

This what prokaryotic cells lack but eukaryotic cells have

Answer 10

Complex compartmentalisation

Question 11

This refers to how specialized membranes can be found inside prokaryotic cells

Answer 11

Structure-Function Arrangement

Question 12

Name some specialized membranes that can be found in prokaryotic cells

Answer 12

• Respiratory membranes (aerobic prokaryotes)
• Thylakoid membranes (cynobacteria)

Question 13

What are the two modes of reproduction for prokaryotic cell

Answer 13

• Binary Fission
• Genetic recombination

Question 14

What are some things found only in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

• Golgi Complex
• Mitochondrion
• Chloroplast
• Endoplasmic rectum

Question 15

What are some things found only in plant cells?

Question 18

What is the most prominent organellethat contains DNA?

Answer 18

Nucleus
(it is enclosed in a nuclear envelope)

Question 19

What generates chemical energy
which fuels the cell,
and is considered the most conspicuous organelles in the cytoplasm

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Question 20

Large, green organelles found in the cells of plants and algae

Answer 20

Chloroplast

Question 21

This is what the chloroplast carries out

Answer 21

Photosynthesis

Question 22

Chloroplasts possess internal stacks of membranes that contain this

Answer 22

Chlorophyll

Question 23

This is the site where most cell products destined for export are produced

Answer 23

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 24

What are the two types of ER? One is covered with ribosomes and the other lacks ribosomes and produces lipids and steroids

Answer 24

(respectively)
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER

Question 25

These are stacks of flattened sacs which modify and package molecules in the ER that are destined to be secreted or transported

Answer 25

Golgi Apparatus

Question 26

These are organelles where intracellular digestion occurs; this is also where materials are constantly being broken down and remade

Answer 26

Lysosomes

Question 27

These are vesicles that provide a safe environment for reactions in which hydrogen peroxide is used to inactivate toxic molecules

Answer 27

Peroxisomes

Question 28

True or False? Protists are organisms that aren't plants, animals, or fungi

Answer 28

True

Question 29

True or False? Protists are purely unicellular

Answer 29

False; there are colonial and multi-cellular species

Question 30

What are the different modes of nutrition for protists?

Answer 30

- Heterotrophy - Photoautotrophy - Mixotrophy

Question 31

What are the 5 supergroups of protists? And where did they arise from?

Answer 31

- Excavata - Chromalveolata - Rhizaria - Archaeplastida - Unikonta They arose from endosymbiosis

Question 32

What separates the different supergroups?

Answer 32

Locomotion / mode of movement

Question 33

In Excavata, what is the Mitochondria modified into?

Answer 33

Mitosomes or hydrogenosomes

Question 34

What does chromalveolata include?

Answer 34

- Alveolates - Stramenopiles

Question 35

These possess membrane-bound sacs, which may help in cell homeostasis

Answer 35

Alveolates

Question 36

There are characterized by the hairlike projections on their flagella

Answer 36

Stramenopiles

Question 37

What protists' main mode of locomotion is via one or more flagella

Answer 37

Chromalveolata

Question 38

What protists' main mode of locomotion is via pseudopodia

Answer 38

Rhizaria

Question 39

Rhizaria can be split into two, namely:

Answer 39

- Forameniferans (helps make photosynthesis more efficient, since it confines it to one body) - Radiolarians

Question 40

What is the 4th protist supergroup

Answer 40

Archaeplastida

Question 41

What are the algaes that possess the following: 1) Chlorophyll a and b 2) Chlorophyll a and d

Answer 41

1) Green 2) Red

Question 42

What are Green algae cell walls made of

Answer 42

Cellulose

Question 43

What do Green algae cell walls do

Answer 43

Store photosynthetic products as starch

Question 44

What are Red algae cell walls made of

Answer 44

Carrageenan

Question 45

What do Red algae cell walls do

Answer 45

Store food as Floridean starch

Question 46

Where is Carrageenan obtained from

Answer 46

An edible species of red seaweed

Question 47

The presence of this compound contributes to the creation of jelly-like substances

Answer 47

Carrageenan

Question 48

What protists are closely related to fungi and animals

Answer 48

Unikonta Split into: - Amoebozoans - Opisthokonts

Question 49

Which Unikonta is more related to fungi

Answer 49

Opisthokonts

Question 50

This contains gameds, which are the sex cells of the plants

Answer 50

Gametangia