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Module 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name three (3) ways that animals differ from plants and fungi

A
  • Modes of Nutrition
  • Complex cell structure and specialization
  • Modes of reproduction and development
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2
Q

What are sets of morphological and developmental traits integrated into the functioning, living animal

A

Animal Body Plan

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3
Q

1) top side of radial symmetry
2) bottom side of radial symmetry

A

1) oral
2) aboral

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4
Q

1) top side of bilateral symmetry
2) bottom side of bilateral symmetry
3) front side of bilateral symmetry
4) back side of bilateral symmetry

A

1) dorsal
2) ventral
3) anterior
4) posterior

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5
Q

Centralisation of the nervous system at the anterior end

A

Cephalisation

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6
Q

This germ layer covers the surface of the embryo, giving rise to the outer
covering of the animal and, in some
cases, the CNS

A

Ectoderm

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7
Q

This germ layer is the innermost one and lines the archenteron, giving rise to the lining of the digestive tract and other internal organs

A

Endoderm

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8
Q

This germ layer is sandwiched between the ectoderm and endoderm, and forms the muscles and most other organs

A

Mesoderm

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9
Q

This is a further classification for triploblastic organisms that is seen in many of them

A

Body Cavities

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10
Q

These organisms have a true coelom, a body cavity completely lined by tissue derived from mesoderm.

A

Coelomates

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11
Q

These organisms have a body cavity lined in part by tissue derived from mesoderm, but also by tissue derived from endoderm

A

Pseudocoelomates

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12
Q

These organisms lack a body cavity between the digestive cavity and the outer body wall

A

Acoelomates

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13
Q

True or False? Not all animals share a common ancestor

A

False

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14
Q

What is a clade of animals with true tissues

A

Eumetazoa

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15
Q

What clade do most animal phyla belong to?

A

Bilateria

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16
Q

Name a phyla that belongs to clade
Deuterostomia

A

Chordates

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17
Q

Name some Animal Developmental Modes

A
  • Cleavage
  • Coelom formation
  • Fate of the blastopore
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18
Q

True or False? Are all animals multicellular?

A

True

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19
Q

What type of cells are animal cells? Hint: They lack walls

A

Eukaryotic

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20
Q

True or False? Animals can produce their own food

A

False

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21
Q

True or False? Animals can actively move

A

True

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22
Q

These are simple, asymmetric, sessile animals, and they are parazoans that form colonial bodies

A

Sponges

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23
Q

What phylum are sponges classified as?

A

Porifera

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24
Q

Name 3 cell types

A
  • Choanocytes
  • Pinacocytes
  • Archaeocytes
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25
What substance can the cells produce?
Spicules
26
Which cells are located outside the sponges, and are harder and rigid due to spicules?
Pinacocytes
27
Which cells are found in the innermost parts of sponges, and are used for reproduction?
Archaeocytes
28
Identify the following body form: - has an osculum and incurrent pore - vase-like structure - water passes through choanocytes, then exits through main pore osculum
Asconoid
29
Identify the following body form: - has an osculum and incurrent canal - more folding - water passes through a much larger area, mainly for nutrient filtering - increases protein synthesis and the likes
Syconoid
30
Identify the following body form: - has multiple osculum, incurrent canal, and excurrent canal - highest level of folding
Leuconoid
31
What is an asexual reproduction process of sponges?
Budding or fragmentation
32
What is a sexual reproduction process of sponges?
Hermaphroditism
33
This sponge reproduction is the complete reorganization of the structure and functions of participating cells or bits of tissue
Somatic embryogenesis
34
- Somatic embryogenesis - External budding - Internal budding - Sexual reproduction
35
Name all 4 classes that fall under Porifera
- Calcarea (Calcispongiae) - Hexactinellida (Hyalospongiae /glass sponges) - Demospongiae (Demosponges) - Homoscleromorpha
36
Identify the sponge class: Tend to be small, vase-like
Calcerea
37
Identify the sponge class: Cells connect with each other through adherens cell junctions
Homoscleromorpha
38
Identify the sponge class: Spicules are made up of calcium carbonate that fringe (refers to borders/edges) the osculum
Calcerea
39
Identify the sponge class: Siliceous spicules bound together by spongin
Demospongiae
40
Identify the sponge class: Dominant class of sponges
Demospongiae
41
Identify the sponge class: Skeletons made up of siliceous spicules
Hexactinellida
42
Name species from Calcerea
- Clathrina - Leucosolenia
43
Identify the sponge class: Cells are multinucleated
Hexactinellida
44
Name species from Hexactinellida
- Euplectella
44
Name species from Homoscleromorpha
- Plaktoris
45
Name species from Demospongiae
- Xestospongia
46
What are the ecological roles of sponges?
- Reef-building competitor - Predator-prey relationships - Symbiotic relationships - Nutrient cycling
47
These line the tentacles, which function in defence and prey capture These are also highly toxic
Cnidocytes
47
This phylum consists of carnivores that use tentacles arranged in a ring around their mouth to capture prey and push food into their gastrovascular cavity
Cnidaria
48
These contain a stinging thread that penetrates the body wall of the prey
Nematocysts
49
Cnidaria possesses this so that their movements are coordinated through a nerve net
Hydrostatic skeleton,
50
What is an asexual reproduction process of Cnidirians?
polyp stage
51
What is a sexual reproduction process of Cnidarians?
medusa stage
52
Name all 4 classes that fall under Cnidaria
- Hydroza - Scyphozoa - Cubozoa - Anthozoa
53
Identify the Cnidarian class: Many forms are supported by skeletons
Anthozoa
54
Identify the Cnidarian class: Most are marine and colonial in form, alternating between the polyp and medusa stages
Hydrozoa
55
Identify the Cnidarian class: Medusa is the predominant stage in the life cycle
Scyphozoa
55
Identify the Cnidarian class: Box-shaped medusa stage, and have complex eyes
Cubozoa
55
Identify the Cnidarian class: Most known jellies are classified under this
Scyphozoa
56
Identify the Cnidarian class: Vary greatly in size, and can be solitary or colonial
Anthozoa
57
Identify the Cnidarian class: Base of each tentacle is flattened into a tough blade called pedalium
Cubozoa
58
Identify the Cnidarian class: Equipped with highly toxic cnidocytes
Cubozoa
59
Name all 3 subclasses of Anthozoa
- Hexacorilla - Ceriantipatharia - Octocorallia
60
Identify the subclass: Contain sea anemones, hard corals, among others
Hexacorilla
61
Identify the subclass: Hexamerous (of six or multiples of six), where it has a simple tubular tentacles arranged in circlets on the oral disc
Hexacorilla
62
Identify the subclass: Hexamerous as well
Ceriantipatharia
63
Identify the subclass: Contain sea anemones, hard corals, among others
Octocorallia
64
Identify the subclass: Octomerous (of eight or multiples of eight), where it has pinnate or featherlike tentacles arranged in margins on the oral disc
Octocorallia
65
Identify the subclass: Tube-dwelling, largely deep water
Ceriantipatharia
66
What are the ecological roles of Cnidarians?
- Habitat formation - Symbiotic relationships
67
Name species from Hydrozoa
Obelia, hydras (without an sp.)
68
Name species from Scyphozoa
Cassiopeia
69
Name species from Cubozoa
Chironex fleckeri
70
Name species from Hexacorilla
Heteractis magnifica
71
Names species from Cerantipatharia
Cerianthus americanus
72
Name species from Octacorilla
Tubipora musica

Biodiversity (6 decks)

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