Module 3 & 4

Question 1

research with the specific purpose of answering research questions that lend themselves to study through the collection of numerical data

Answer 1

purpose

Question 2

research’s inherent understanding of reality and truth as perceived by the researchers themselves

Answer 2

ontology

Question 3

the overall understanding of how knowledge is created or shared

Answer 3

epistemology

Question 4

each individual in the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample

Answer 4

random sample

Question 5

the population that is came from on all characteristics except total size
*like the population except smaller in size

Answer 5

representative sample

Question 6

nonrandom samples are said to be biased samples because they are almost always systematically different rom the population on certain characteristics

Answer 6

biased

Question 7

manipulating variables in a controlled environment to isolate the causal effects of a particular variable or set of variables

Answer 7

experimental

Question 8

experiment without randomization

Answer 8

quasi-experimental

Question 9

studies that look at relationships between variables

Answer 9

correlation

Question 10

a numerical index that provides information about the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables
*is a number that can range from -1 to 1 with zero standing for no correlation at all

Answer 10

correlation coefficient

Question 11

present when scores on two variables tend to move in the same direction

Answer 11

positive correlation

Question 12

present when the scores on two variables tend to move in opposite directions

Answer 12

negative correlation

Question 13

studies that examine prediction of future levels of a variable

Answer 13

predicative

Question 14

studies that examine how different pre-existing groups vary on a variable or variables

Answer 14

casual comparative

Question 15

a condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories such as age, grade point average, test scores, and gender

Answer 15

variables

Question 16

something that does not change, but takes on a single value

Answer 16

constant

Question 17

presume to cause changes to occur in another vairable

Answer 17

independent variable

Question 18

changes effected by another variable

Answer 18

dependent variable

Question 19

comes in between other variables

Answer 19

mediating intervening variable

Question 20

how relationship changes under different conditions

Answer 20

moderator variable

Question 21

may compete with the independent variable in explaining an outcome

Answer 21

extraneous variable

Question 22

estimate the characteristics of populations based on their sample data

Answer 22

estimation

Question 23

test specific hypotheses about populations based on their sample data

Answer 23

hypothesis testing

Question 24

quantitative researchers use the laws of probability to make inferences about population based on sample data

Answer 24

inferential statistics

Question 25

7 major sections in a QL report

Answer 25

1) title page 2) abstract 3)Introduction 4) method 5) Results 6) discussion 7)references

Question 26

studying real-world situations as they unfold naturally in a non-manipulative and non-controlling way

Answer 26

naturalistic inquiry

Question 27

to understand people, groups and setting sin all of their complexity- includes developing an understanding of multiple dimensions and layers of reality, such as the subgroups in a group, how they think, how they interact, what kinds of agreements or norms are present, and how these dimensions come together to interact as a community

Answer 27

holistic dimensions of community

Question 28

9 components of QL Research

Answer 28

1) Purpose 2) Research Questions 3) Assumptions 4) sampling methods 5) data collection 6) research methods 7) quality criteria 8) Data analysis () report writing

Question 29

the qualitative researcher constantly tries to understand the people he or she is observing from the participants' or natives' or actors' viewpoints

Answer 29

empathetic understanding

Question 30

the searcher's inherent understanding of reality and truth as perceived by the researchers themselves

Answer 30

ontology

Question 31

acts as the overall understanding of how knowledge is created or shared

Answer 31

epistemology

Question 32

the use of multiple forms of data to capture a single phenomenon *is said to occur when your results converge on the same conclusion

Answer 32

Triangulation

Question 33

the resarcher assumes that each case is special and inque

Answer 33

unique case orientation

Question 34

Philosophy

Answer 34

Phenomenology

Question 35

antrhopology

Answer 35

ethnography

Question 36

human storytelling and education

Answer 36

narrative inquiry

Question 37

multi-disciplinary

Answer 37

case study

Question 38

sociology

Answer 38

grounded theory

Question 39

researcher seeks immersion in the details and specifics of the data to discover important patterns, themes, and interrelationships

Answer 39

inductive analysis and creative synthesis

Question 40

the whole phenomenon under study is understood as a complex system that is more than the sum of its parts * the focus is on complex inderdependcies and system dynamics that cannot meaningfully be reduced to a dew discrete variables and linear, cause-effect relationships

Answer 40

holistic perspective

Question 41

researcher places findings in a social, historical, and temporal context and is careful about, even dubious of, the possibility or meaningfulness of generalizations across time and space

Answer 41

context sensitivity

Question 42

the qualitative analyst owns and is reflective about her or his own voice and perspective; a credible voice conveys authenticity and trustworthiness

Answer 42

voice, perspective, and reflexivity