Module #3

Question 1

Pseudopod

Answer 1

A temporary, foot-like extension of a cell, used for locomotion or engulfing food.

Question 2

Vacuole

Answer 2

A membrane-bound “sac” within a cell.

Question 3

Ectoplasm

Answer 3

The thin, watery cytoplasm near the plasma membrane of some cells.

Question 4

Endoplasm

Answer 4

The dense cytoplasm found in the interior of many cells.

Question 5

Flagellate

Answer 5

A protozoan that propels itself with a flagellum.

Question 6

Chlorophyll

Answer 6

A pigment necessary for photosynthesis.

Question 7

Symbiosis

Answer 7

A close relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits.

Question 8

Mutualism

Answer 8

A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where all benefit from the association.

Question 9

Commensalism

Answer 9

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited.

Question 10

Parasitism

Answer 10

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed.

Question 11

Spore

Answer 11

A reproductive cell with a hard, protective coating.

Question 12

Plankton

Answer 12

Tiny organisms that float in the water.

Question 13

Zooplankton

Answer 13

Tiny floating organisms that are either small animals or protozoa.

Question 14

Phytoplankton

Answer 14

Tiny floating photosynthetic organisms, primarily algae.

Question 15

Thallus

Answer 15

The body of a plant-like organism that is not divided into leaves, roots, or stems.

Question 16

Cellulose

Answer 16

A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms.

Question 17

Holdfast

Answer 17

A special structure used by an organism to anchor itself.

Question 18

Sessile Colony

Answer 18

A colony that uses holdfasts to anchor itself to an object.

Question 19

Which of the following genera contain organisms with chloroplasts? Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium, Spirogyra.

Answer 19

Euglena & Spirogyra.

Question 20

What is the function of a contractile vacuole? What is the difference between this and a food vacuole?

Answer 20

Contractile vacuoles regulate the amount of water in the cell. Food vacuoles hold and store food while it is being digested.

Question 21

What is the difference between Endoplasm and Ectoplasm?

Answer 21

Both are cytoplasms, but Ectoplasm is thin and watery and is near the plasma membrane whereas Endoplasm is dense and found in the interior of the cell.

Question 22

The Amoeba and Euglena have different means of locomotion. How are they different? How are the similar?

Answer 22

An Amoeba moves by forming a pseudopod and pushing itself into that pseudopod, a Euglena whirls it’s flagellum and draws its cytoplasm into the central region of the cell (deforming the Euglena), then it re-extends itself forward.

Question 23

Name at least 3 pathogenic organisms from kingdom Protista.

Answer 23

Entamoeba Histolytica Coli, Mastigophorites, Balantidium Coli.

Question 24

For each of the phyla listed below, list the means of locomotion employed by the organisms in that phyla.
Sarcodina, Mastigophora, Ciliophora.

Answer 24

Sarcodina: Pseudopods, Mastigophora: Flagellum, Ciliophora: Cilia

Question 25

What are the main features that separate organisms into phylum Sporozoa?

Answer 25

The organisms method of Locomotion.

Question 26

A tapeworm is a parasite that feeds on the nutrients which the host eats, depriving the host of that nutrition. Trichonympha is a mastigophorite that lives in the gut of a termite, helping break down chemicals that the termite cannot break down on its own. Name the specific kind of symbiosis in each of these situations.

Answer 26

1) Parasitism

2) Mutualism

Question 27

Why do the ciliates have two nuclei? What is the purpose of each?

Answer 27

They both do different things. The macronucleus controls the paramecium’s metabolism. The micronucleus controls reproduction.

Question 28

What is the difference between the conjugation that occurs between paramecia and the conjugation that occurs between bacteria?

Answer 28

In conjugation between paramecia, they simply exchange DNA. Bacterium conjugation happens when the bacterium takes the others DNA.

Question 29

Two microorganisms groups are studied. In the first group, the organisms form hard shells around themselves when exposed to life-threatening conditions. If not exposed to those conditions, however, these organisms never form hard shells. The second group form hard shells around themselves as a natural part of their life cycle. Which group would be classified as coming from phyla Sporozoa?

Answer 29

The second group.

Question 30

What is the unique way Euglena obtains food?

Answer 30

Euglenas are both autotrophic and saprophytic. They can produce their own food via photosynthesis, but they also decompose the remains of dead organisms.

Question 31

Which phylum contains the organisms responsible for most of the photosynthesis that occurs on earth? What generic term is used to refer to these organisms?

Answer 31

Phylum: Chrysophyta. Generic Term: Diatoms

Question 32

Food Vacuole

Answer 32

Used for holding and storing food that is being digested.

Question 33

Contractile vacuole

Answer 33

Regulates the amount of water in a cell.

Question 34

Flagellum

Answer 34

Used for locomotion in some organisms.

Question 35

Pellicle

Answer 35

A firm, flexible coating outside the plasma membrane.

Question 36

Chloroplast

Answer 36

An organelle containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

Question 37

Eyespot

Answer 37

A light-sensitive region that euglenas use to move toward regions of bright light.

Question 38

Cilia

Answer 38

Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion.

Question 39

Nucleus

Answer 39

The region of a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell’s main DNA.

Question 40

Oral groove

Answer 40

Funnel depression in pellicle; sweeps food into the mouth pore.

Question 41

What are large deposits of diatom remains called? List two uses of the deposits.

Answer 41

Diatomaceous Earth.

1) Large amounts are used by industry as a means of filtering liquids.
2) It is also used as an abrasive.

Question 42

What is red tide?

Answer 42

A Gymnodinium Brevis bloom.

Question 43

What two phyla principally contain macroscopic algae?

Answer 43

Rhodophyta - red algae. Phaeophyta - brown algae.

Question 44

What substance produced by members of phylum Phaeophyta is useful for thickening ice-cream, pudding, salad dressing, and jelly beans?

Answer 44

Alginic Acid.