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PSY4407 > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is organisational psychology?

A

The branch of psychology that deals with the study of work behaviour

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2
Q

What is the scientific and practice goals of organisational psychology?

A

Scientific goal - increase our knowledge and understanding of work behaviour
Practice goal - use that knowledge to improve the psychological well-being of employees

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3
Q

What advantage do organisational psychologists have over other practitioners of organisational behaviour?

A

They adopt evidence-based and validated methods to address workplace issues, thanks to their psychology background

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4
Q

What are the 4 different roles an organisational psychologist may have?

A
  1. Internal consultant
  2. External consultant
  3. Independent practitioner
  4. Academic or researcher
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5
Q

What are the 5 areas of knowledge required to be an organisational psychologist?

A
  1. Learning, Training and Development
  2. Leadership, Engagement and Motivation
  3. Well-being and Work
  4. Work Design, Organisational Development and Change
  5. Psychological Assessment at Work
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6
Q

What are some of the skills you would need to exercise and cultivate if you were to progress into organisational psychology?

A
  • Critical thinking
  • Problem solving
  • Consultancy skills (negotiating agreements, evaluating outcomes)
  • Communication
  • Data management and analysis
  • Scientist-practitioner approach
  • Working with people
  • Planning and organising
  • Any other relevant technical skills
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7
Q

When did organisational psychology become an established and recognised subdiscipline within psychology in Australia and the College of Organisational Psychology was founded?

A

1970

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8
Q

What are some changes in work environments that have been happening over the past few decades that have influenced the work of organisational psychologists?

A
  • Globalisation and technological advances
  • Restructuring organisations to increase competitiveness and reduce costs
  • Changes in the way work is performed
  • New employment relationships, especially the upsurge in contingent working and casual contracts
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9
Q

What were some of the main issues researched in organisational psychology research journals from 1985-2005?

A
  1. Career development/management
  2. Job stress
  3. Teamwork
  4. Wellbeing
  5. Unemployment
  6. Leadership
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10
Q

What were some of the most popular topics at organisational conferences from 1995-2005?

A
  1. Teamwork
  2. Stress/health
  3. Personnel selection
  4. Leadership
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11
Q

What were two of the most prominent themes in the 2005 survey on occupational issues?

A

1) Occupational stress and wellbeing

2) Diversity issues in organisations

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12
Q

What were some issues raised in the 2005 survey, but not in journal publications?

A
  • Work-life balance

- Contextual performance, including citizenship behaviours

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13
Q

What does the author suggest are some of the things organisational psychology is known for/contributes?

A
  • Psychometric testing and assessment
  • Personnel selection
  • Organisational climate/culture surveys
  • Occupational stress management and health and safety
  • Career management, coaching
  • Research competency
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14
Q

What are some the current and upcoming challenges facing organisational psychology?

A
  • The changing nature of work (more contractual work)
  • Making a more direct contribution to organisational effectiveness and change
  • Contributing to public debate and policy formulation
  • Developing a more distinctive and visible profile for the profession
  • Workforce diversity
  • Research-practice integration
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15
Q

What are the main job tasks of an organisational psychologist?

A
  • Working with employees and managers identifying problems or issues relating to human behaviour
  • Undertaking individual and organisational assessments
  • Writing proposals and reports on assessment outcomes
  • Conducting workshops and giving presentations on various topics
  • Marketing services to organisations
  • Facilitating employee wellbeing
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16
Q

What are some potential places of employment for organisational psychologists?

A
  • Private consultancies

- In house, in HR departments

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17
Q

What is forensic psychology?

A

The application of psychological principles and methods to the legal and criminal justice system, and to conducting research in related areas

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18
Q

What are some personal attributes that are best suited to a career in forensic psychology?

A
  • Confidence in your own abilities and judgment
  • Able to respond positively to supervision and maintain professional boundaries
  • Organisational skills
  • Emotional resilience
  • Willingness to continue learning
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19
Q

What are some specific topics being researched in forensic psychology at the moment?

A
  • Stalking
  • Eyewitness testimony
  • Offender profiling
  • Jury selection
20
Q

Al-Megrahi: What is hindsight bias?

A

When people tend to think the current recollection is the one they had before

21
Q

Al-Megrahi: What is photo-biased identification?

A

When a person sees a photo of a suspect and then sees them in a police line-up. They will obviously look more familiar, which can result in a positive identification, even if they’re innocent.

22
Q

What are some places of employment for a forensic psychologist?

A
  • Secure hospital units
  • Probation services
  • Prison services
  • Academia
23
Q

What is health psychology?

A

The use of psychological principles to promote changes in people’s attitudes and behaviour about health and illness.
It is one of the newest fields of applied psychology

24
Q

What are the two areas of work within health psychology?

A
  • Clinical

- Health promotion

25
Q

In what ways to health psychologists differ from clinical or counselling psychologists?

A

They have specialist expertise in developing, implementing, and evaluating behavioural solutions and behaviour change interventions to manage and prevent the chronic health conditions and illnesses that are largely responsible for all-cause mortality in Australia

26
Q

What are two reasons that health psychologists and allied disciplines need to be unified under one roof?

A

1) To help put forward a collective representation to policymakers and stakeholders
2) To allow trainees to see a profession with a clear identity with which they can identify

27
Q

What are some issues that need to be dealt with to improve the future of health psychology in Australia?

A
  • The training crisis

- The identity of health psychology as a discipline and health psychologists as specialised trained professionals

28
Q

What are some of key skills required by health psychologists?

A
  1. Knowledge of relevant ethical issues, and difference and diversity issues
  2. Knowledge of the links between personality, attitudes and social factors for health
  3. Research skills
  4. Work independently and part of a team
  5. Communication
  6. Basic counselling skills
29
Q

What are some potential places of employment for health psychologists?

A
  • Hospitals
  • Rehab centres
  • General medical practices
  • Universities
  • Government departments
30
Q

What is sports and exercise psychology?

A

The study of the effect of psychological and emotional factors on sport and exercise performance, and the effect of sport and exercise involvement on psychological and emotional factors

31
Q

Who conducted the first sports psychology research? What did he find?

A

Norman Triplett in 1897

He found that cyclists performed better in the presence of competitors compared to being on their own

32
Q

What are the 3 different roles of a sports psychologist?

A
  1. Provide clinical/counselling support to athletes
  2. Educate the correct principles of sports psychology to athletes and coaches
  3. Conduct research
33
Q

What are the 3 different categories of self-talk?

A
  1. Task-specific statements relating to technique
  2. Encouragement and effort
  3. Mood words
34
Q

What type of self talk is “turn” when preparing to step into a tennis volley?

A

Task-specific statement relating to technique

35
Q

What type of self-talk is “You can do it”?

A

Encouragement and effort

36
Q

What type of self talk is “hard” or “blast”?

A

Mood words

37
Q

What 3 criteria must be satisfied for self-talk to be effective?

A

(a) Brief and phonetically simple
(b) Logically associated with the skill involved
(c) Compatible with the sequential timing of the task to be performed

38
Q

What are the 2 main functions of self-talk?

A

Cognition and motivation

39
Q

What is the most important use of self-talk?

A

Building and enhancing of self-efficacy and self-confidence

40
Q

What are some other uses of self-talk?

A
  • Skill acquisition
  • Creating and changing mood
  • Controlling effort
  • Focusing attention or concentration
41
Q

What are 3 skills that are required to become a sport psychologist?

A
  • Cognitive and behavioural skills training for performance enhancement
  • Counselling and clinical interventions
  • Consultation and training
42
Q

What does Dr Ian Dunican think is the most common problem experienced by athletes?

A

Pre-performance anxiety

43
Q

What is the best way to build a team?

A

Identify a common problem for them to solve

44
Q

What is a syllogism? Provide an example

A

A syllogism is a deductive argument that presents two premises that logically lead to a conclusion
Premise 1: All men are mortal
Premise 2: Socrates is a man
Conclusion: Socrates is mortal

45
Q

What are the 2 separate but related practices involved in mindfulness meditation?

A
  • Focused Attention meditation (FA)

- Open Monitoring meditation (OM)

46
Q

What is the difference between FA and OM?

A

FA increases the ability to stay focused and ignore distractions
OM strengthens the ability to attend to a succession of stimuli without being drawn in by any one of them

47
Q

Mindfulness study: What were some of the benefits of the 8 week mindfulness training?

A
  • Spent greater time on each task
  • Less task switches (suggests they notice interruptions without having to stop what they were already doing)
  • Improved memory of the work they did (due to less stress)
  • Less negative mood and fatigue
  • Greater mindful awareness and attention

PSY4407 (6 decks)

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