Module 3 Flashcards by Thomas Berry

Rules that govern how devices communicate?

Protocols

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people, or electronic devices, that need to send a message to other individuals or devices.

Message source (sender)

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The destination receives the message and interprets it.

Message Destination (receiver)

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This consists of the media that provides the pathway over which the message travels from source to destination.

Channel

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Protocols must account for 4 following requirements to successfully deliver a message that is understood by the receiver… what are they?

An identified sender and receiver
Common language and grammar
Speed and timing of delivery
Confirmation or acknowledgment requirements

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This is the process of managing the rate of data transmission.

Flow Control

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If a person asks a question and does not hear a response within an acceptable amount of time, the person assumes that no answer is coming and reacts accordingly

Response Timeout

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This determines when someone can send a message.

Access method

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What is the process of converting information into the proper form for transmission?

Encoding

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What are Flow control, Access method, and response timeout components of?

message timing.

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Which delivery method is used to transmit information to one or more end devices, but not all devices on the network?

Multicast

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enable two or more devices to communicate over one or more networks.

Network Communications Protocols

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type of Protocols that secure data to provide authentication, data integrity, and data encryption.

Network Security Protocols

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Protocols that enable routers to exchange route information, compare path information, and then to select the best path to the destination network.

Routing Protocols

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Protocols that are used for the automatic detection of devices or services.

Service Discovery Protocols.

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Addressing

identifies the sender and the intended receiver of the message using a defined addressing scheme.

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This function provides guaranteed delivery mechanisms in case messages are lost or corrupted in transit

Reliability

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This function ensures that data flows at an efficient rate between two communicating devices.

Flow control

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This function uniquely labels each transmitted segment of data.

Sequencing

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This function is used to determine if data became corrupted during transmission.

Error Detection

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This function contains information used for process-to-process communications between network applications.

Application Interface

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This protocol governs the way a web server and a web client interact.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

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This protocol manages the individual conversations, guaranteeing the reliable delivery of the information and managing flow control between the end devices.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

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This protocol is responsible for delivering messages from the sender to the receiver.

Internet Protocol (IP)

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This protocl is responsible for the delivery of messages from one NIC to another NIC on the same LAN.

Ethernet.

BGP and OSPF are examples of which type of protocol?

routing.

BGP acronym. | type of protocol?

Border Gateway Protocol. | routing.

OSPF acronym. | type of protocol?

Open Shortest Path First. | routing.

DNS acronym. | type of protocol.

Domain Name system. | Service Discovery Protocol.

DHCP acronym. | type of protocol.

Dynamic Host configuration Protocol. | Service Discovery protocol

What is the purpose of the sequencing function in network communication?

to uniquely label transmitted segments of data for proper reassembly by the receiver.

This protocol is responsible for guaranteeing the reliable delivery of information

TCP

set of protocols that work together to provide comprehensive network communication services.

A protocol suite

Open standard protocol suite maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It's also the most relevant and common protocol suite used today.

Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP)

A family of protocols developed jointly in 1977 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the ITU. Known for its layered model.

Open Systems Interconnection protocols (OSI)

A short-lived proprietary protocol suite released by Apple Inc. in 1985.

AppleTalk.

A short lived propreitary protocol suite and network OS developed by Novell in 1983 using the IPX network protocol.

Novell NetWare.

The most common network access layer LAN protocols are

Ethernet and WLAN (wireless LAN) protocols

responsible for delivering the IP packet over the physical medium.

Network access layer protocols

Protocol suite that is freely available to the public and can be used by and vendor on their hardware or in their software.

Open Standard Protocol Suite.

Means a protocol suite that has been endorsed by the networking industry and approved by a standards organization.

Standards-based protocol suite.

UDP and TCP belong to which layer of the TCP/IP protocol?

Transport

DNS and DHCP belong to which layer of the TCP/IP.

Model application layer.

Which protocol operates at the network access layer of the TCP/IP model?

Ethernet.

A device receives a data link frame with data and processes and removes the Ethernet information. What information would be the next to be processed by the receiving device?

IP at the internet layer

Responsible for promoting open development and evolution of internet use throughout the world.

Internet Society (ISOC)

Responsible for the overall management and development of internet standards.

Internet Architecture Board (IAB)

Develops, updates, and maintains internet and TCP/IP technologies.

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

Focused on long-term research related to internet and TCP/IP protocols such as Anti-Spam Research Group, Crypto Forum Research Group and Peer-to-Peer Research Group.

Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)

Coordinates IP address allocation, the management of domain names, and assignment of other information use in TCP/IP protocols.

Internet Corporation for Assigned NAmes and Numbers (ICANN)

Respoinsible for overseeing and managing IP address allocation, domain name management, and protocol identifiers for ICANN.

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

Organization of electrical engineering and electronics dedicated to advancing technological innovation and creating standards in a wide area of industries including power and energy, healthcare, telecommunications, and networking

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE, pronounced “I-triple-E”

Organization is best known for its standards relating to electrical wiring, connectors, and the 19-inch racks used to mount networking equipment.

Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)

Organization responsible for developing communication standards in a variety of areas including radio equipment, cellular towers, Voice over IP (VoIP) devices, satellite communications, and more.

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

One of the largest and oldest communication standards organizations.

International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)

True or false. Standards organizations are usually vendor-neutral.

true

This standards organization is concerned with the Request for Comments (RFC) documents that specify new protocols and update existing ones

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

This standards organization is responsible for IP address allocation and domain name management.

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

What types of standards are developed by the Electronics Industries Alliance (EIA)?

electric wiring and connectors.

Two primary benefits of segmenting messages.

Increase speed. | increase efficiency.

The form that a piece of data takes at any layer is called a

protocol data unit (PDU)

The general term for the PDU used at the application layer.

Data

Transport layer PDU.

Segment

Network Layer PDU

Packet

Data Link layer PDU

Frame

Physical layer PDU used when physically transmitting data over the medium.

Bits

What is the process of dividing a large data stream into smaller pieces prior to transmission?

segmentation

What is the PDU associated with the transport layer?

segment

Which protocol stack layer encapsulates data into frames?

data link

What is the name of the process of adding protocol information to data as it moves down the protocol stack?

encapsulation

The IP address of the sending device, which is the original source of the packet.

Source IP address

The IP address of the receiving device, which is the final destination of the packet.

Destination IP address

This is the data link address of the device that sends the data link frame with the encapsulated IP packet.

Source MAC address

When the receiving device is on the same network as the sending device, this is the data link address of the receiving device.

Destination MAC address

True or false? Frames exchanged between devices in different IP networks must be forwarded to a default gateway.

True

True or false? The right-most part of an IP address is used to identify the network that a device belongs to.

False

What is used to determine the network portion of an IPv4 address?

subnet mask

What is the order of the two addresses in the data link frame?

destination MAC, source MAC

True or False? Data Link addresses are physical so they never change in the data link frame from source to destination.

False

three acronyms/initialisms represent standards organizations?

IANA IEEE IETF

What type of communication will send a message to all devices on a local area network?

broadcast

In computer communication, what is the purpose of message encoding?

to convert information to the appropriate form for transmission.

Which message delivery option is used when all devices need to receive the same message simultaneously?

broadcast

What are two benefits of using a layered network model?

It assists in protocol design. It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.

What is the purpose of protocols in data communications?

providing the rules required for a specific type of communication to occur.

Which logical address is used for delivery of data to a remote network?

destination IP address

What is the general term that is used to describe a piece of data at any layer of a networking model?

protocol data unit

Which layer of the OSI model defines services to segment and reassemble data for individual communications between end devices?

transport

Which type of communication will send a message to a group of host destinations simultaneously?

multicast

What process is used to receive transmitted data and convert it into a readable message?

decoding

What is done to an IP packet before it is transmitted over the physical medium?

It is encapsulated in a Layer 2 frame.

What process is used to place one message inside another message for transfer from the source to the destination?

encapsulation

A web client is sending a request for a webpage to a web server. From the perspective of the client, what is the correct order of the protocol stack that is used to prepare the request for transmission?

HTTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet.