Module 3 all Flashcards

(51 cards)

1
Q

Displacement

A

the shortest distance between any two points

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2
Q

Velocity

A

The rate of change of displacement with respect to time; it has both magnitude and direction.

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3
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

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4
Q

Force

A

A push or pull on an object, causing it to accelerate.

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5
Q

work done

A

the product of the magnitude of the force and the distance moved by the object in the direction of the force

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6
Q

power

A

the rate of transfer of energy

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7
Q

momentum

A

the product of an objects mass and velocity

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8
Q

conservation of energy

A

in a closed system, energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only transferred from one form to another.

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9
Q

factors affecting air resistance

A
  1. velocity
  2. density of air
  3. surface area of shape
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10
Q

weight

A

the gravitational force acting on an object in newtons (N)

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11
Q

newton

A

A force of 1 Newton applied to a 1 kg mass will give it an acceleration of 1 ms-2

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12
Q

difference between centre of mass and gravity

A

centre of mass is point through which externally applied force produces straight line motion but no rotation, while gravity is the point at which entire weight of object appears to act

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13
Q

tension

A

pulling force exerted by string, cable or chain

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14
Q

drag

A

the resistive force exerted by fluid on object moving through it

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15
Q

principle of moments

A

for a body in rotational equilibrium, sum of the anticlockwise moments about any point equal to sum of clockwise moments about same point

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16
Q

moment

A

turning effect of force about axis or point, moment = force x perpendicular distance of line of action from axis

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17
Q

torque

A

the product of one of the forces of couple and perpendicular distance between forces

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18
Q

couple

A

a pair of equal and opposite forces acting on a body but not in same straight line

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19
Q

density

A

the mass per unit volume of substance

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20
Q

pressure

A

the force exerted per unit cross sectional area measured in pascals

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21
Q

upthrust

A

the upward buoyant force exerted on a body immersed in a fluid

22
Q

archimedes principle

A

the upthrust on an object in fluid is equal to the weight of fluid displaced

23
Q

principle of conservation

A

total energy of a closed system remains the same before and after a collision

24
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

the capacity for doing work as a result of an objects position in gravitational field

25
Kinetic energy
the energy associated with an object as a result of its motion
26
energy
the capacity to do work, measured in joules (J)
27
hookes law
The force applied is directly proportional to the extension of the spring unless limit of proportionality is exceeded
28
tensile and compressive derformation
a change in shape of object due to tensile force/compressive force
29
elastic limit
the value of stress or force beyond which elsatic deformation becomes plastic deformation, material no longer return to original shape when stress/force removed
30
elastic and plastic deformation
elastic is reversible change in shape of object due to compressive or tensile force with removal of stress returning to original shape and size. Plastic is irreversible change with permenant deformation when force removed
31
force constant
a quantity determined by dividing force by extension for object obeying hookes law, measures stiffness of spring, measured in Nm^-1
32
parallel and series spring rule
k=k1+k2 for parallel k = 1/k1 + 1/k2 for series
33
loading and unloading
34
tensile stress
the force per unit cross sectional area, measured Pa
35
tensile strain
the extension per unit length, a ratio of extension to original length
36
limit of proportionality
the value of stress beyond which stress no longer is directly proportional to strain
37
yield point
a point on stress-strain graph beyond which deformation no longer elastic
38
ultimate tensile strength
the max stress material can withstand before break
39
young modulus
ratio of tensile stress to strain when quantities directly proportional to eachother, measured Pa
40
newton first law
object will remain at rest or constant velocity unless acted upon by resultant force
41
newton second law
resultant force acting on object is directly proportional to rate of change of momentum and in same direction
42
newton third law
when two objects interact, they exert equal and opposite forces on eachother
43
conservation of momentum
for system of interacting objects, total momentum in specific direction is constant, as long as no external forces act on system
44
perfectly elastic collision
collision in which no kinetic energy lost
45
inelastic collision
collision in which kinetic energy lost
46
impulse
the area under force-time graph, the change in momentum
47
Archimedes’ Principle
The upwards force acting on an object submerged in a fluid, is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces
48
Couple
Two equal and opposite parallel forces that act on an object through different lines of action. It has the effect of causing a rotation without translation.
49
Newton’s Second Law
The sum of the forces acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the object.
50
Tension
The result of two forces acting on an object in opposite, outwards directions
51
Newton’s Third Law
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. If an object exerts a force on another object, then the other object must exert a force back, that is opposite in direction and equal in magnitude