Module 3 - Infection/Inflammation Flashcards
Infection Cycle
Infectious Agent Reservoir Portal of Exit Means of Transmission Portal of Entry Susceptible Host
Asepsis
Absence of organism
Medical asepsis
Clean technique
Surgical asepsis
Sterile technique
HAI Guidelines
- If illness occurs 48 hours after patient is admitted
- If illness occurs 3 days after patient is discharged
- If illness occurs 30 days after surgery
Tier 1 Standard Precautions
- Hand hygiene
- Clean, non-sterile gloves
- Appropriate PPE
- Never re-cap a USED needle
- Handle patient-care equipment carefully
Tier 2 Transmission-Based Precautions
Contact, droplet and airborne precautions
CONTACT Isolation/Precautions
- Pts. infected/colonized by MDRO
- Private room/cohort
- Appropriate PPE
- Wear gown if contact is likely
- Limit mobility of pt. from room
- Don’t share pt. equipment
DROPLET Isolation/Precautions
- Pts. infected by spread of LARGE droplet
- Private room (no cohort)
- Door may remain open
- Appropriate PPE (pt. wears a mask)
- Move pt. out only when necessary
- Keep visitor 3 feet from pt.
AIRBORNE Isolation/Precautions
- Pts. infected by spread of SMALL particle through air
- Private/negative pressure room
- KEEP DOOR CLOSED
- Wear N-95 mask/respirator
- Move pt. out only when necessary
- Consult CDC guidelines
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
- Staphylococcus aureus bacterium that is not susceptible to extended-penicillin antibiotic formulas (methicillin, oxacillin, nafcillin)
- 2 out of 100 people carry MRSA
- Wash hands, clean/disinfect, culture organisms, control program, private room/cohort, best practice/”bundles”
Cellulitis
- Infection of the skin
- Possible with an open wound
- 2 causative agents: staphylococcus bacteria and streptococcus bacteria
- Transmitted by insects, surgical incision, open wound
- Treatment: antibiotic, surgical debridement
(Pulmonary) Tuberculosis
- Lungs
- Associated with poverty, malnourishment, overcrowding, poor housing conditions, and poor medical treatment
- Transmitted by singing, talking, coughing, sneezing, laughing, etc.
- Treatment: medication (avoid non-susceptible antibiotics), Tier 2 Precautions
Nutritional needs for patients with infections
Vitamins/minerals, proteins, fluids/electrolytes (water)
Colonization
Microorganisms present in or on a host without host interference or interaction and without eliciting symptoms in the host
Incubation period
Time between contact and onset of signs and symptoms
Latency
Time interval after primary infection when a microorganism lives within the host without producing clinical evidence
Reservoir
Any person, plant, animal, substance, or location that provides living conditions for microorganisms and that enables further dispersal of the organism
Susceptible
Not possessing immunity to a particular pathogen
Vancomycin-resistant Entercoccus (VRE)
Enterococcus bacterium that is resistant to the antibiotic, vancomycin
Culture
Sample of bacteria to be grown in a laboratory to determine the species of bacteria that is causing an infection
Prophylaxis
Treatment to prevent an infection before it occurs
Sensitivity testing
Evaluation of pathogens obtained in a culture to determine the anti-infectives to which the organisms are sensitive and which agent would be appropriate for treatment of a particular infection
CDC
Center for Disease Control
