Module 3+ - Lecture 27

Question 1

What is the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project?

Answer 1

The GBD project is a project that measures how much disease, injury and diabetes accept people in different countries.

Question 2

Describe the reasons for the GBD? (Learning Objective One)

Answer 2

1. Many countries have imcomplete data of the burden of disease and injury.
2. Even when there is large data available, the data available data only focuses on deaths and there is little information on non-fatal outcomes (disability).
3. ?
4. ?

Question 3

Describe the 2 main aims of the GBD.

Answer 3

1. Using a systemic approach to summarise the burden of diseases and injury at the population-level based on
   epidemiological principles and best available evidence.
    To aid in setting health service and health research priorities. This means finding out what the government should focus on first.
    To aid in identifying disadvantaged groups and targeting of health
   interventions. This means finding out which groups of people are suffering the most (low income, ect..)
2. To take account of deaths as well as non-fatal outcomes (i.e., disability) when estimating the burden of disease.

Question 4

What is non-fatal outcome?

Answer 4

Non-fatal outcomes are outcomes that don’t causes death but have implications on a person’s life. E.g: diabetes, Having depression or anxiety, disabilities.

Question 5

What is the name of the measure to measure and address these aims?

Answer 5

Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) was the specific measure developed to achieve these aims.

Question 6

What does DAYLs measure?

Answer 6

The summary measure of population health that combines data on premature mortality (fatal) and non-fatal health outcomes to represent the health of a particular population
as a single number. This means how many healthy years were lost meaning the number of years people could have spent healthy but couldn’t due to premature morality and non-fatal outcome.

Question 7

How to calculate DAYLs?

Answer 7

DAYLs = YLL + YLD

Question 8

What is YLL?

Answer 8

Represents mortality by counting the years lost due to premature deathcaused by a disease
(the years lost if a person dies before reaching the average life expectancy in a particular country)
It depends on certain data points: 1. No of people who died from the disease in a year.
2. Years lost per death in comparison to an ‘ideal’ age (life expectancy).

Question 9

What is YLD?

Answer 9

Measures the morbidity (illness but doesn’t cause death) by counting the years lived with the disease.