Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biopsychology > module 3: nervous system > Flashcards

module 3: nervous system Flashcards

(93 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

somatic nervous system

A

part of the PNS that interacts with the external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

afferent nerves

A

carry sensory signals from the skin, skeletal muscles, joints, eyes, ears and so on, to the the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

efferent nerves

A

carry motor signals from teh CNS to the skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

part os PNS that regualts the body’s internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sympathetic nerves

A

autonomic motor nerves that project from the CNS in the lumbar and thoracic regions of the spinal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

parasympathetic nerves

A

autonomic motor nerves that project from the brain and sacral region of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cranial nerves (12)

A

(1) olfactory, (2) optic, (3) vagus nerves, (4) oculomotor nerve, (5) trochlear, (6) trigeminal, (7) facial, (8) abducens, (9) vestibulocochlear , (10) gloosopharyngeal, (11) accessory, (12) hypoglossal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

outer meninx (singular of meninges)

A

dura mater (tough mother)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

middle meninx (singular of meninges)

A

arachnoid membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

inner meninx (singular of meninges)

A

pia mater (adheres to surface of CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater

A

subarachnoid space (has many large blood vessels and CSF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is SPF produced?

A

choroid plexuses (network of capillaries that protrude into the ventricles from the pia matter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does excess CSF go?

A

absorbed from the subarachnoid space into large blood-filled space called dural sinuses; drain into jugular veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hydrocephalus

A

buildup of fluid in the ventricles causing expansion; eg. blockage of the cerebral aqueduct between the third and fourth ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ventricles 1 and 2 are also known as?

A

lateral ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what connects the third and fourth ventricle?

A

cerebral aqueduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where does the 4th ventricle drain to?

A

central canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

golgi stain

A

exposing a block of neural tissue to potassium dichromate and silver nitrate; causes black staining of affected neurons; good for seeing overall shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nissl stain

A

cresyl viotel; penetrate all cells on a slide and bind to cell bodies; good for estimating number of cell bodies in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Electron microscopy

A

coat slice of tissue with an electron-absorbing substance (taken up differently be certain tissue); pass beam of electrons through and onto a photographic film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

anterior is more ___ and posterior is more ___ (in the brain); anterior is ___ and posterior is ___ (in the body)

A

front (Face); back (spine); top; bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

medial is closest to the ___ and lateral is farther away

A

centre line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

dorsal is closer to the ___ and ventral to the ____ (in brain); dorsal is ___ and ventral is ___ (in body)

A

top; bottom; spine; tummy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

frontal sections are also called ____

A

coronal sections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
midsagittal section
down the centre of the brain between the two hemispheres
26
cross section
a section cut at a right angle to any long, narrow structure (eg. spinal cord)
27
gray matter composition
largely cell bodies and unmyelinated interneurons
28
white matter compostion
largley myelinated axons
29
centre of spinal cord is...
H-shaped core of gray matter
30
dorsal horms
arms of spinal gray matter in the dorsal (or back) direction
31
ventral horns
arms of spinal gray matter in the ventral or tummy direction
32
spinal nerves
31 pairs; left and right of spinal cord; axons join cord via dorsal and ventral roots
33
dorsal root axons are ___
afferent/ sensory
34
dorsal root ganglia
afferent neurons attached to the dorsal root have cell bodies grouped together just outside the cord
35
ventral root axons are ____
efferent/ motor (cell bodies in the ventral horns)
36
divisions of the brain (5)
(1) telencephalon, (2) diencephalon, (3) mesencephalon (midbrain), (4) metencephalon and (5) myelencephalon
37
telencephalon
cerebral hemispheres
38
mesencephalon
midbrain
39
myelencephalon
medulla
40
which brain division goes through the most growth during development?
telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres)
41
divisions of the brain considered the brain stem
diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon and myelencephalon
42
where is the reticular formation or the reticular activating system located?
myelencephalon and metenceohalon
43
function of the reticular activating system?
arousal, sleep, attention, movement, maintenance of muscle tone, cardiac & circulatory & respiratory reflexes; network of about 100 tiny nuclei
44
components of the metencephalon
pons, cerebellum and part of the reticular formation
45
components of the mesencephalon
tectum and the tegmentum
46
tectum (roof)
dorsal surface of the midbrain; inferior (auditory) and superior (visual-motor) colliculi (each is a pair of bumps)
47
components of the tegmentum
periaqueductal gray, cerebral aqueduct, substantia nigra, red nucleus
48
periaqueductal gray
around the cerebral aqueduct; mediates analgesic effects of opiod drugs
49
cerebral aqueduct
connects 3rd and 4th ventricle
50
substantia nigra and red nucleus
sensorimotor system
51
components of diencephalon
thalamus and hypothalamus
52
thalamus
two-lobed large structure; top of brains tem; either side of third ventricle
53
massa intermedia
joins two lobes of the thalamus
54
lamina
layers on surface of the thalamus made of myelinated axons
55
nuclei of the thalamus
sensory relay nuclei: lateral geniculate nuclei (visual), medial geniculate nuclei (auditory) and ventral posterior nuclei (somatosensory)
56
hypothalamus
regulating motivated behaviours (eg. eatings, sleeping); regulates pituitary gland
57
inferior surface of the hypothalamus has the:
pituitary gland, optic chiasm, mammillary bodies
58
decussate
cross over to the other side of the brain
59
lissencephalic
smooth-brained
60
fissures
large furrows in a convoluted cortex
61
sulci
small furrows in a convoluted cortex
62
ridges between fissures and sulci are called ____
gyri (gyrus)
63
largest fissure
longitudinal fissure
64
cerebral commissures
hemisphere-connecting tracts
65
largest cerebral commissure
corpus callosum
66
largest gyri
pre-central and post-central gyri, superior temporal gyri
67
functions of the parietal lobe
analyzing sensations at the post-central gyrus and perceiving the location of objects and our own bodies and directing attention
68
temporal lobe functions
superior temporal gyrus does hearing and language, inferior temporal cortex identifies complex visual patterns and the medial portion of temporal cortex (not visible from side view) is important for certain kinds of memory
69
how much of the cerebral cortex is neocortex?
90%
70
columnar organization
vertical flow of information in the neocortex; neurons in a given column of neocortex often form a mini-circuit that performs a single function
71
neocortex is made up of which cells?
pyramidal and stellate
72
what is a part of the cortex that is not neocortex?
hippocampus
73
hippocampus function
memory, spatial memory
74
the limbic system and basal ganglia are part of the ____
subcortical portion of the telencephalon
75
limbic system
a circuit of midline structures that circle the thalamus
76
structures of the limbic system
mammillary bodies, hippocampus, amygdala, fornix, cingulate cortex, septum and thalamus
77
where is the amygdala
anterior temporal lobe
78
what is posterior to the amygdala?
hippocampus
79
cingulate cortex is a large strip of cortex in the _______ on the ___ surface of the cerebral hemipheres
cingulate gyrus; medial
80
what is just superior to the corpus callosum?
cingulate cortex
81
what encircles the dorsal thalamus
cingulate cortex and fornix
82
fornix pathway
starts at the dorsal end of the hippocampus, arcs along the superior surface of the third ventricle and ends at the septum and the mammillary bodies
83
septum
midline nucleus located at the anterior tip of the cingulate cortex
84
how is the limbic ring completed
tracts connecting the septum & mammillary bodies to the amygdala & hippocampus
85
caudate
seeps out of each amygdala in each direction (almost a complet circle
86
caudate forms a circle around the ____
putamen
87
the caudate and putamen are connected via ....
a series of fiber bridges
88
striatum is ?
caudate and putamen (striped structures)
89
globus pallidus
medial to the putamen, between the putamen and the thalamus
90
structures of the basal ganglia
amygdala, striatum (caudate and putamen) and globus pallidus
91
basal ganglia function
voluntary motor responses and decision making
92
Parkinson's diseases is associated with the deterioration of the pathway between which structures
striatum and substania nigra
93
nucleus accumbens
medial portion of the ventral striatum; role in rewarding effects of addictive drugs and other reinforcers

Biopsychology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions