Module 3 - Pharmacology Flashcards

(54 cards)

1
Q

analgesics

A

relieve pain; acetaminophen, hydrocodone

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2
Q

antacids/anti-ulcer

A

neutralize stomach acid; esomeprazole, calcium carbonate

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3
Q

antibiotics

A

kill bacteria; amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin

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4
Q

anticholinergics

A

reduce bronchospasm; ipatropium, dicyclomine

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5
Q

anticoagulants

A

delay blood clotting; warfarin, enoxaparin, heparin

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6
Q

anticonvulsants

A

prevent or control seizures; clonazepam, phenytoin, gabapentin

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7
Q

antidepressants

A

relieve depression; doxepin, fluoxetine, duloxetine, selegiline

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8
Q

antidiarrheals

A

reduce diarrhea; bismuth subsalicylate, loperamide

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9
Q

antiemetics

A

reduce nausea, vomiting; metoclopramide, ondansetron

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10
Q

antifungals

A

kill fungi; fluconazole, nystatin, miconazole

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11
Q

antihistamines

A

relieve allergies; diphenhydramine, certrizine, loratadine

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12
Q

antihypertensives

A

lower blood pressure; metoprolol, lisinopril, valsartan, clonidine

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13
Q

anti-inflammatories

A

reduce inflammation; ibuprofen, celecoxib, naproxen

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14
Q

antilipemics

A

lower cholesterol; atorvastatin, fenofibrate

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15
Q

antimigraine agents

A

relieve migraine headaches; topiramate, sumatriptan

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16
Q

anti-osteoporosis agents

A

improve bone density; alendronate, ibandronate, calcitonin

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17
Q

antipsychotics

A

control psychotic symptoms; quetiapine, haloperidol, risperidone

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18
Q

antipyretics

A

reduce fever; acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin

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19
Q

antispasmodics/muscle relaxants

A

reduce or prevent muscle spasms; cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol

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20
Q

antitussives/expectorants

A

control cough, promote elimination of mucus; dextromethorphan, codeine, guaifenesin

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21
Q

antivirals

A

kill viruses; acyclovir, interferon, oseltamivir

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22
Q

anxiolytics

A

reduce anxiety; clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam

23
Q

bronchodilators

A

relax airway muscles; albuterol, isoproterenol, theophylline

24
Q

central nervous system stimulants

A

reduce hyperactivity; methylphenidate, modafinil

25
contraceptives
prevent pregnancy; medroxyprogesterone acetate, ethinyl estradiol
26
decongestants
relieve nasal congestion; pseudoephedrine, mometasone
27
diuretics
eliminate excess fluid; furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide
28
hormone replacement
stabilize hormone deficiences; lecothyroxine, insulin, desmopressin, estrogen
29
laxatives, stool softeners
promote bowel movements; magnesium hydroxide, bisacodyl
30
oral hypoglycemics
reduce blood glucose; metformin, acarbose, glyburide
31
sedative-hypnotics
induce sleep/relaxation; zolpidem, temazepam, eszopiclone
32
SCHEDULE 1 DRUG
substances with a high potential for abuse, not approved medical use in the United States (illegal); heroin, mescaline, LSD
33
SCHEDULE II DRUG
substances with a high potential for abuse, considered dangerous and can lead to dependence, providers must give a handwritten prescription with no refills; morphine, methadone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, methamphetamine
34
SCHEDULE III DRUG
substances with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence, providers can refill five times in 6 months; ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone
35
SCHEDULE IV DRUG
substances with a low potential for abuse, providers must sign a prescription, patients may refill five times in 6 months, staff members may authorize refills over the phone; diazepam, zolpidem, eszopiclone, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam
36
SCHEDULE V DRUG
substances that contain limited quantities of some narcotics, usually for antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic purposes, providers must sign prescriptions for these substances, patients may refill them five times in 6 months. Staff members may authorize refills over the phone
37
Definition of therapeutic effects (medication)
The good effects of the medications; the reason providers prescribe them
38
Definition of adverse effects (medication)
An unintended, harmful action of the medication, such as an allergic reaction
39
Definition of indications (medication)
The problems the provider prescribes a particular medication for
40
Definition of contraindications (medications)
A symptom or condition that makes a particular treatment or medication inadvisable or dangerous, usually an allergy. "Precautions" pose a lesser risk but still requires close observation
41
unit micro-
1/1,000,000; .000001 (thousandth of a thousandth)
42
unit milli-
1/1,000; .0001 (thousandth)
43
unit centi-
1/100; .01
44
unit kilo-
x1000;1,000
45
Enteral vs Parental medication
routes of entry; enteral is through GI tract, parenteral is outside the GI tract - usually injections
46
Which three injections (parental administrations) are a medical assistant allowed to administer?
INTRADERMAL (skin of the upper chest, forearms, upper back), INTRAMUSCULAR (deltoid, vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal muscles), SUBCUTANEOUS (under skin of abdomen, anterior thighs, upper outer arm, upper back)
47
What are the enteral routes of administrations?
Buccal (against the cheek); Oral (mouth, stomach, intestines); Sublingual (under the tongue)
48
Four actions of pharmacokinetics
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
49
Absorption process of pharmacokinetics; factors
Body converts medication into a form it can use - oral tablets absorbed in stomach/intestines, iv medication goes into bloodstream, etc Process varies with route of absorption (IV faster than oral, liquids faster than tablets) how easily medication dissolves in fat (allows them to pass more readily through cell membranes) surface area available (intestines faster than stomach)
50
Distribution process of pharmacokinetics; barriers
Transportation of medication throughout the body; blood brain barrier protects the brain from chemicals, placental barrier in pregnant women
51
Metabolism process of pharmacokinetics; factors
Changes active form of medication into metabolites ready for excretion. Liver is primary organ, kidneys metabolize as well. Age, # of medications, health of organs, genetic makeup, etc are all factors. Young adults metabolize fastest.
52
Excretion process of pharmacokinetics; pathways
Removal of a medication's metabolites from the body. Kidneys do most of this through urine. Feces, saliva, bile, sweat, etc also important
53
Half-life of medication
The time it takes for metabolism/excretion to eliminate half a dose of a medication
54
What are the original "five rights" of medication administration? What are the other "rights"
Right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time + right technique, right documentation also can include right assessment (allergies, reactions), right to refuse, right reason, right to know (inform pt), right evaluation (observe a reaction)