Module 3 - Pharmacology

Question 1

analgesics

Answer 1

relieve pain; acetaminophen, hydrocodone

Question 2

antacids/anti-ulcer

Answer 2

neutralize stomach acid; esomeprazole, calcium carbonate

Question 3

antibiotics

Answer 3

kill bacteria; amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin

Question 4

anticholinergics

Answer 4

reduce bronchospasm; ipatropium, dicyclomine

Question 5

anticoagulants

Answer 5

delay blood clotting; warfarin, enoxaparin, heparin

Question 6

anticonvulsants

Answer 6

prevent or control seizures; clonazepam, phenytoin, gabapentin

Question 7

antidepressants

Answer 7

relieve depression; doxepin, fluoxetine, duloxetine, selegiline

Question 8

antidiarrheals

Answer 8

reduce diarrhea; bismuth subsalicylate, loperamide

Question 9

antiemetics

Answer 9

reduce nausea, vomiting; metoclopramide, ondansetron

Question 10

antifungals

Answer 10

kill fungi; fluconazole, nystatin, miconazole

Question 11

antihistamines

Answer 11

relieve allergies; diphenhydramine, certrizine, loratadine

Question 12

antihypertensives

Answer 12

lower blood pressure; metoprolol, lisinopril, valsartan, clonidine

Question 13

anti-inflammatories

Answer 13

reduce inflammation; ibuprofen, celecoxib, naproxen

Question 14

antilipemics

Answer 14

lower cholesterol; atorvastatin, fenofibrate

Question 15

antimigraine agents

Answer 15

relieve migraine headaches; topiramate, sumatriptan

Question 16

anti-osteoporosis agents

Answer 16

improve bone density; alendronate, ibandronate, calcitonin

Question 17

antipsychotics

Answer 17

control psychotic symptoms; quetiapine, haloperidol, risperidone

Question 18

antipyretics

Answer 18

reduce fever; acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin

Question 19

antispasmodics/muscle relaxants

Answer 19

reduce or prevent muscle spasms; cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol

Question 20

antitussives/expectorants

Answer 20

control cough, promote elimination of mucus; dextromethorphan, codeine, guaifenesin

Question 21

antivirals

Answer 21

kill viruses; acyclovir, interferon, oseltamivir

Question 22

anxiolytics

Answer 22

reduce anxiety; clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam

Question 23

bronchodilators

Answer 23

relax airway muscles; albuterol, isoproterenol, theophylline

Question 24

central nervous system stimulants

Answer 24

reduce hyperactivity; methylphenidate, modafinil

Question 25

contraceptives

Answer 25

prevent pregnancy; medroxyprogesterone acetate, ethinyl estradiol

Question 26

decongestants

Answer 26

relieve nasal congestion; pseudoephedrine, mometasone

Question 27

diuretics

Answer 27

eliminate excess fluid; furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide

Question 28

hormone replacement

Answer 28

stabilize hormone deficiences; lecothyroxine, insulin, desmopressin, estrogen

Question 29

laxatives, stool softeners

Answer 29

promote bowel movements; magnesium hydroxide, bisacodyl

Question 30

oral hypoglycemics

Answer 30

reduce blood glucose; metformin, acarbose, glyburide

Question 31

sedative-hypnotics

Answer 31

induce sleep/relaxation; zolpidem, temazepam, eszopiclone

Question 32

SCHEDULE 1 DRUG

Answer 32

substances with a high potential for abuse, not approved medical use in the United States (illegal); heroin, mescaline, LSD

Question 33

SCHEDULE II DRUG

Answer 33

substances with a high potential for abuse, considered dangerous and can lead to dependence, providers must give a handwritten prescription with no refills; morphine, methadone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, methamphetamine

Question 34

SCHEDULE III DRUG

Answer 34

substances with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence, providers can refill five times in 6 months; ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone

Question 35

SCHEDULE IV DRUG

Answer 35

substances with a low potential for abuse, providers must sign a prescription, patients may refill five times in 6 months, staff members may authorize refills over the phone; diazepam, zolpidem, eszopiclone, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam

Question 36

SCHEDULE V DRUG

Answer 36

substances that contain limited quantities of some narcotics, usually for antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic purposes, providers must sign prescriptions for these substances, patients may refill them five times in 6 months. Staff members may authorize refills over the phone

Question 37

Definition of therapeutic effects (medication)

Answer 37

The good effects of the medications; the reason providers prescribe them

Question 38

Definition of adverse effects (medication)

Answer 38

An unintended, harmful action of the medication, such as an allergic reaction

Question 39

Definition of indications (medication)

Answer 39

The problems the provider prescribes a particular medication for

Question 40

Definition of contraindications (medications)

Answer 40

A symptom or condition that makes a particular treatment or medication inadvisable or dangerous, usually an allergy. "Precautions" pose a lesser risk but still requires close observation

Question 41

unit micro-

Answer 41

1/1,000,000; .000001 (thousandth of a thousandth)

Question 42

unit milli-

Answer 42

1/1,000; .0001 (thousandth)

Question 43

unit centi-

Answer 43

1/100; .01

Question 44

unit kilo-

Answer 44

x1000;1,000

Question 45

Enteral vs Parental medication

Answer 45

routes of entry; enteral is through GI tract, parenteral is outside the GI tract - usually injections

Question 46

Which three injections (parental administrations) are a medical assistant allowed to administer?

Answer 46

INTRADERMAL (skin of the upper chest, forearms, upper back), INTRAMUSCULAR (deltoid, vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal muscles), SUBCUTANEOUS (under skin of abdomen, anterior thighs, upper outer arm, upper back)

Question 47

What are the enteral routes of administrations?

Answer 47

Buccal (against the cheek); Oral (mouth, stomach, intestines); Sublingual (under the tongue)

Question 48

Four actions of pharmacokinetics

Answer 48

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 49

Absorption process of pharmacokinetics; factors

Answer 49

Body converts medication into a form it can use - oral tablets absorbed in stomach/intestines, iv medication goes into bloodstream, etc Process varies with route of absorption (IV faster than oral, liquids faster than tablets) how easily medication dissolves in fat (allows them to pass more readily through cell membranes) surface area available (intestines faster than stomach)

Question 50

Distribution process of pharmacokinetics; barriers

Answer 50

Transportation of medication throughout the body; blood brain barrier protects the brain from chemicals, placental barrier in pregnant women

Question 51

Metabolism process of pharmacokinetics; factors

Answer 51

Changes active form of medication into metabolites ready for excretion. Liver is primary organ, kidneys metabolize as well. Age, # of medications, health of organs, genetic makeup, etc are all factors. Young adults metabolize fastest.

Question 52

Excretion process of pharmacokinetics; pathways

Answer 52

Removal of a medication's metabolites from the body. Kidneys do most of this through urine. Feces, saliva, bile, sweat, etc also important

Question 53

Half-life of medication

Answer 53

The time it takes for metabolism/excretion to eliminate half a dose of a medication

Question 54

What are the original "five rights" of medication administration? What are the other "rights"

Answer 54

Right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time + right technique, right documentation also can include right assessment (allergies, reactions), right to refuse, right reason, right to know (inform pt), right evaluation (observe a reaction)