Module 3 - Quantitative research

Question 1

Quantitative research

Answer 1

Confirmatory approach to research that answers research questions by collection of numerical data.

Question 2

Purposes of Quantitative research

Answer 2

description
prediction
control
explanation

Question 3

Ontology

Answer 3

inherent understanding of reality and truth, as perceived by the researcher

Question 4

Epistemology of quantitative research

Answer 4

Knowledge is constructed through empirical confirmation of scientific method.
Researchers are objective, bias-free, value-free, distant.

Question 5

Quantitative research questions

Answer 5

A question about the relationship that exists between two variables.

Question 6

Forms of quantitative research questions

Answer 6

Descriptive
Predictive
Causal

Question 7

Descriptive questions

Answer 7

What changes over time or over different situations?
How much? How often?
Identify the degree of relationship between two or more variables.

Question 8

Predictive questions

Answer 8

Ask whether one or more variables can be used to predict some future outcome.

Question 9

Causal questions

Answer 9

Compare different variations of some phenomenon to identify the cause.

Question 10

Sampling

Answer 10

Process of creating a sample from a population.

Question 11

Random sampling

Answer 11

All members of the population have an equal chance to be selected.

Question 12

Non-random sampling

Answer 12

a criterion or factor influences the selection.

Question 13

Population

Answer 13

Total group under study

Question 14

Sample

Answer 14

Smaller group within the population

Question 15

Data collection - quantitative

Answer 15

Tests are most common
Achievement, aptitude, affective, standardized
Scaled surveys
Numeric data

Question 16

Research Methods - quantitative

Answer 16

Experimental

Non-experimental

Question 17

Quantitative experimental research

Answer 17

Manipulate variables in a controlled environment.

Random sample and random assignment.

Question 18

Quantitative Non-experimental research

Answer 18

Correlational (relationship between variables)
Predictive (examine prediction of future levels of a variable)
Causal-comparative (how different groups vary on a variable or variables)
Something will be non-random (sample or assignment)

Question 19

Estimation

Answer 19

estimate the population’s characteristics based on the sample

Question 20

Hypothesis testing

Answer 20

test specific hypothesis about population based on their sample data

Question 21

Report creation

Answer 21

Title page
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
References

Question 22

Quantitative variable

Answer 22

varies in degree or amount of a phenomenon

Question 23

Categorical variable

Answer 23

made up of different types or categories of a phenomenon

Question 24

Independent variable

Answer 24

Variable which causes changes to occur

Question 25

Dependent variable

Answer 25

Changes affected by another variable | Ex: amount of studying (IV) affects test scores (DV)

Question 26

Mediating (intervening) variable

Answer 26

Comes in between other variables

Question 27

Moderator variable

Answer 27

How relationship changes under different conditions

Question 28

Extraneous variable

Answer 28

May compete with the IV in explaining an outcome

Question 29

Random selection

Answer 29

Every member of a group has an equal chance of being chosen.

Question 30

Random assignment

Answer 30

Participants randomly placed in control or experimental group.

Question 31

Causal comparative research

Answer 31

Examines relationship between two or more categorical independent variables and one or more quantitative dependent variables

Question 32

Correlational research

Answer 32

Study of the relationship between one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more quantitative variables.

Question 33

Positive correlation

Answer 33

When scores on two variables tend to move in same direction

Question 34

Negative correlation

Answer 34

when scores on two variables tend to move in opposite directions