Module 3 Quiz Flashcards
(192 cards)
1
Q
Verbal refers to
A
Words written or spoken not orality
2
Q
Phonological
A
Sound, system
3
Q
Semantic system
A
System of word meanings
4
Q
Synatic system
A
Enables you to put words into meaningful sentences.
5
Q
Meanings are in
A
People
6
Q
Bypassing
A
A pattern of communication occurring when the speaker and the listener miss each other with their meanings.
7
Q
Types of bypassing
A
Different words, same meanings ; same words different meanings.
8
Q
Denotation
A
The meaning found in a dictionary, the meaning that members of the culture assign to a word.
9
Q
Connotation
A
The emotional meaning that specific speakers- listeners give to a word.
10
Q
Snarl words
A
Highly negative ( she’s an idiot, he’s a pig, they are a bunch of racist)
11
Q
Purr words
A
Highly positive ( she’s a sweetheart, he’s a dream, they’re the greatest)
12
Q
The point of snarl and purr words
A
Purely connotative in meaning, they don’t describe people or events, they reveal the speakers feeling about people or events.
13
Q
Language is blank and blank
A
Denotative and connotation
14
Q
Meanings depend on
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Context
15
Q
Context can be
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Cultural or gender based,
16
Q
Principle of communication
A
Holds that any communication interaction, both parties will make an effort to help each other understand one another.
17
Q
4 ideals of the principle of cooperation
A
The maxim of quality - truth, maxim of relation- relevant to conversation, maxim of manner- clear, brief, and meaningful pattern ( texting is a good example) Maxim of quantity- informative as possible
18
Q
Principal of face saving
A
Holds that you should never embarrass anyone especially in public.
19
Q
The principle of self denigration
A
Advises you to avoid taking credit for accomplishments and to minimize your abilities or talents in conversation. Also raise the image of those you are talking too.
20
Q
Principle of peaceful relations
A
Holds that when you communicate, your primary goal is to maintain peaceful relationships.
21
Q
How gender affects communication
A
Women are more polite, seek agreement, women are less direct in giving orders and men are more indirect in admitting an error or weakness.
22
Q
Politeness
A
Consideration, regard for others as expressed verbally and nonverballly, interaction that follows the socially accepted rules for interpersonal interaction
23
Q
Direct message
A
Speech in which the speaker states his or her intentions clearly and forthrightly
24
Q
Indirect messages
A
Allow you to express a desire ejtbiut insulting or offending someone. Ex. Instead of this food tastes terrible, I just started my diet.
25
Onymous
The author of the message is clearly identified
26
How to be more assertive
Describe the problem, state how this problem, affects you, propose solutions, confirm understanding.
27
Lying
Refers to the act of 1. Sending messages 2. With the intention of giving a other person information you believe to be false.
28
You can't lie if
You send information you believe to be true
29
Types of lies
Pro- social deception: to achieve some good, self-enhancement deception: to make yourself look good, selfish deception: to protect yourself ( telling a person that you are not cheating when you are), anti social deception: to harm someone.
30
Truth bias
Assuming that someone is telling the truth
31
Deception bias
Believing that someone is telling a lie ( common among jailers)
32
Disconfirmation
A communication pattern in which we ignore someone and in effect someone's messages. Denying their significance (I'm not interested in your babbling, I do what I want)
33
Rejection
You disagree with the person and indicate an unwillingness to accept something the other person says or does.
34
Confirmation
Acknowledging the presence of the other person, the person's importance and your acceptance of this person.
34
Confirmation
Acknowledging the presence of the other person, the person's importance and your acceptance of this person.
35
Individual racism
Negative attitudes and beliefs that people hold about specific races.
36
Heterosexism
Exists on am individual and institutional level. Individualist includes attitudes, behaviors and language that disparages other lifestyles and beliefs that these lifestyles are wrong.
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Heterosexual language
Obvious derogatory terms as well as qualifying professionals by their sexuality.
38
Ageism
Prejudice against older people but also against certain age groups.
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Sexist language
Language that puts down someone because his or her gender.
40
Racist terms
Black, chicos, Eskimos, jews as an adjective, and oriental.
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Ma'am
Best to be avoided because it refers to a woman's age or marital status.
42
Transvestites
People who prefer at times to dress in the clothing of the sex other than the one they were assigned at birth.
43
Intensional orientation
The tendency to view people, objects, and events according to the way they're talked about or labeled.
44
Extensional orientation
The tendency to look first at the actual people, objects and events and only afterward at their labels.
45
Allness
Forgetting that language symbolizes only a portion of reality, never the whole.
46
Language expresses both
Facts and inferences
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Fact inference confusion
When inferences are treated as facts.
48
Inferentual statement
Statement made not only on the basis of what you observe but of what you infer.
49
Static evaluation
Tendency to retain evaluations without change while the reality to which they refer is changing.
50
Mental date
Extensional devise that helps you keep your language up to date and guards against static evaluation. Pat 2012 different from pat 2015
51
Indiscrimination
Failure to distinguish between similar but different people, objects, or events.
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Index
Mental subscript identifies each individual as an individual. Teacher1 is not teacher 2
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Nonverbal communication examples
Gesture, smile, grown widen eyes, move chair, weae jewelry, touch someone, raise volume, or say nothing at all.
54
Nonverbal communication myths
1. It conveys more meaning than verbal communication 2. Loars avoid eye contact. 3.studying it will allow you to read another person like a book 4. It is universal 5. When verb and nonverbal contradict each other, it is best to believe the nonverbal.
55
Accent example
Raising your voice to underscore a particular word or phrase, bang your fist on the desk to emphasize your commitment, or look longingly into someone's eyes when you say you love them.
56
Complement example
Smile when telling a story, frown, qnf shake uout head.
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Contradict
Crossin fingers and winking when lying
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Control
Purse your lips, lean forward, or make hand movements that indicate your will to speak. "Um" tnesr message control or indicate a desute to control of verbal messages.
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Repeat
Is it alright?followed by raised eyebrows and questioning look.
60
Subsititute
Nod of head meaning yes, hand signal meaning "OK"
61
6 ways tbay nonberbal messages interact with verbal messages
Accent, complement, contradict, control, repeat, substitute.
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How to communicate nonverbally electronically
Emoticons and pictures
63
Real and genuine smiles
Duchene smiles
64
To be liked
Smile, pat on the back, nice handshake
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To be believed
Focused eye contact, open gestures, and a firm stance
66
To excuse failure
Look sad, cover face with hands, shake head.
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To secure help
Open hand gestures, puzzlee look, and inept movements
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To hide faults
Avoid self adapters
69
To be followed
Dress like a leader, put diploma and awards in displag
70
To confirm self-image and to communicate it to othetd
Dress in certain ways or decorate your apartnent with things that reflect your personality
71
Nonverbal messages help manage
Impressions
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Non verbal messages help form
Relationships
73
Tie signs
Non verbal signs that indicate the way that a relatiobshoo is tied together. Varies in intimacy, extends from informal handshake to hand holding anf full mouth kissing.
74
Nonverbal messages structure
Conversation ( turn taking cues)
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Nonverbal messages can
Influence and deceive
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Example of nonverbal deception
Using eyes and facial expressions to communicate a liking for someone when you are onlyninterested in getting their support for some cause
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Non verbal messages are crucial flr
Expressing emotions
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Examples of nonverbal communication expressing emotions other than facial expressions
Posture. Pupil dialation, distsnce, eye movements
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Kinesics
Study of nonverbal communication through face and body movements
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Kinesics: emblems
Body gestures that directly translate into words or phrases ( thumbs up for good job)
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Kinesics: illustrators
Enahce the verbal message with gestures. Mostly with hands. You can turn your head to the left when referring to something on the left.
82
Kinesics: affects display
Movements of the face, hands, and body that communicate emotion ( tension release, smiling)
83
Regulators
Regulate conversation ( nodding head to tell a person to contjnhe, open mouth to telk tbe person you want to speak)
84
Adaptors
Gestures that satisfy a need ( scratch, moving hair from eyes)
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Kinesics: self adaptors
Self touching adaptors ( rubbing nose)
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Kinesics: alter adaptions
Directed at person being spoken to. Removing lint from their jacmet, straightening tie, folding arms in front of yourself.
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Kinesics: object adaptors
Gestures focused on objects ( doodling on cup)
88
Attractive people have many
Advantages, grades, friends, workers
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Facial emotions
Happiness, surprise, fear, anger, sadness, disgust, contempt, and interest
90
Facial management techniques
Enable you to communicate feelings to achieve the desired affect. Hiding some emotions and emphasizing others.
91
To intensify
To exaggerate your astonisbment at a surprise party to make your friends feel better.
92
Visual dominance
Increasing a level of eye contact while talking but a muchh lower level while listening.
93
Civil inattention
Turning eyes away to let people maintain privacy.
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Intimate distance
Touching to 18 inches. Used for loving, comfortingx anf protecting.
95
Persobal distance
"Bubble" 18 inches to 4 feet used for most interpersonal communications ( talkong with friends and family)
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Social distance
4 to 12 feet lose visual detail. Conduct business and interact at social gatherings. More formal
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Public distance
12 to more than 25 feet ( drunk bus passenger) allows for defensuve action
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Primary territories
Exclusive: desk, house, room, yard. You are in control and more dominany
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Second territories
Assigned desk in classroom, lunch table in careteriam it is not yours but you feel and ownership attachment.
100
Public territories
Open to everyone size of territory communicates power.
101
Central markers
Items placed in a territory to reserve it. Coggee, books, sweater kn chair
102
Coundag markers
Markers that set boundaries. Bar between groceries and armrests
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Earmarkers
Marks on objects that indicate your ownershio of object or place logos
104
Artifactual communication
Communication mafr by human hands. Color, clothing, jewlrey, and decoration.
105
Touch communication can also be referred to as
Haptics
106
Ritual touching
Hugging and kissing, greetings
107
Paralanguage
How you say something. Stresssing syllablles
108
Uses os silence
To give time to think, to hurt, to lessen anxiety, to prevent communication, and to commmunicate emotions
109
Temporak communication is also known as
Chronemics
110
Social clock
Telss you ig your keepong pace with your peers, ahead of them, or behind.
111
Formal time
Days, seconds, weeks. Phases kf moknx srask s.
112
Informal tome
Forever, soon, immediatlg
113
Monochronic
Schedule one thing at time
114
Polychronic
Scheduling more than one thinf at a time.
115
Conversation
Communication engaged by two or three people and usualkt including an opening, feedforward, a business stage, feedback, and a closing stage
116
Conversation is a blank process
Drvelopmental process
117
Opening
Hello, handshake
118
Feedfirward
We reslly need to talk about this, did you hear
119
Busines
Purpose or substantial part of thw conversation
120
Turn maintaining cues
You communicate your wih to maintain the role of the speaker in a variety of ways
121
Turn maintaining cues
Umm, avoiding eye contact, audibly inhaling to show that you have more to say
122
Turn yielding cues
Tell the listener that the speaker is finisbrd and wishes to exchange tje role of soeajer for the role of listener.
123
Turn yielding cues
Right?, pausing, making eye contact with the listener, aaking a question
124
Turn requesting cues
Let the speaker kniw that you would like to say something and include er and um, opening the mouth wide, and leaning forward
125
Turn denying cues
I don't knie, grunt, denying eye contact,
126
Bavkchanneling cues
Used to communicate various types of informatuon back to the speaker without becoming the speaker. Mmhh, yeah. Show you are involved without taking over.
127
Purposes of backchanneling cues
To indicate agreement or disagreement, to indicate degree of involvement, to pace the speaker, to ask for clarification
128
Interuptions
Attenpts to take over the role of speaker. Often discomfirming. Superiors interrupt inferiors more than the other way around.
129
Dialogue
Each person is both speaker and listener, sender and receiver. There is deep concern for the relationship of the two. Respect because it is deserved
130
Monologue
One person speakes and the other listens, no real interactio
131
How to create imediacy
Self disclose, refer to the other persons good qualities, express your positive view of the other person and of your relationship, talk about commonalities, demonstrate your responsiveness, express psychological closeness and openness, maintain appropriate eye contact, smile, focus on the otber persons remarks
132
How to increase flexibility in conversation
Analyze the specific conversational situation, mindfully considrr your available choices, estimate the potential advantages and disadvantages, competently communicate your choice.
133
Maxim of tact
Not imposing others or challenging their right to do as they wish, i know you are busy but, i dont mean to be rude but
134
Maxim of generosity
Confirms the other persons importance. Ill walk yhe dog, i see that you are busy
135
Maxim of approbation
Refers to praising someone or complimenting the person in some wat and minimizing any expression of criticism or disapproval.
136
Maxim of modesty
Minimises any comploments you may receive
137
Maxim of agreement
Seeking out areas of agreement and expressing them while avoiding areas of disagreement
138
Maxim of sympathy
Expression of understanding, sympathy, empathy, supportiveness, and loke for the other person.
139
Guidelines for effective small talk
Be positive, be sensitive to leave takong cues, stress similiarities rather than differences, answer questions with sufficient elaborations, avoid monologuing, choose topics carefully
140
The most essential gesture of introduction in the US
Handshake
141
They types of excuses
Denial, minimize, and qualify.
142
Look at apologies pages
164 to 165
143
Backhanded compliment
Looksnloke someone finally lost a few pounds, am I right?
144
Meta advise
Advise about advise
145
Three types of meta advice
To explore options and choices, to seek expert advice, to delay decusuon
146
Giving advice
Listen, empathize, be tentative, offer options, ensure understanding, keep the interaction confidential, avoid shoudl statements
147
Stsged of a relationship
Contact, involvement, intimacy, deterioration, repair, dissolution
148
Contact
Perceptional amd interactional
149
Involvement
Testing, intensifying
150
Intinmacy
Interpersonal commitment social bonding
151
Deterioration
Intrapersonal dissatisfaction, interpersonal dissatisfaction
152
Repair
Interpersonal and intrapersonal
153
Dissolution
Interpersonal seperation and social/ public separation
154
Stages of repairing a relationship
Recognize the problem, engage in productive conflict resolution, pose possible solutions, ffirm each other, integrate solutions, risk giving.
155
Dealing with emotional difficulty after a relationship ends
Break the linliness depression cycle, take time out, bolster self esteem, avpid repeating negatuve patters..
156
Relationship dealectics theory
Closedness and openness. Auyonomy abd connection, novelty abd predjctabiluy
157
Bredth
The number of tipucs you and your partner talk about
158
Depth of relationship
The degree in which uou penetrate the inner personalith of the other individula.
159
Social exhange theory
Claims that you develop relationshios that will enable you to maximize products
160
Jealousy
Is a reaction to a relationship threat
161
Cognituve jealousy
Involves supicous thinking, worrying, or imagining different scenarios in which your partner may nr interested in another person
162
Emotional jealousy
Involve the feelings you havr when you see your partner laughing or talking with a rival
163
Behavioral jealousy
Readibg partners emails, stslking their facebook
164
Mate guarding
Concealment, visualabce, monopoly
165
Relationship violence
Physical abuse, verval or emotional abuse, and sexual abuse
166
Principles of friendship
Friendship is an interpersonal relationship, friendships must be mutually productive, friendships are characterized bu mutual positive regard
167
Friendship of reciprocity
Ideal type od friendship characetized by loyalty and equality.
168
Friendship of recptivity
Imablance of giving and receiving. One person gives and the other receives. Teacher and student
169
Friendshio og association
Aquatices. Classmates anf neighbors
170
Needs that friendship serves
Utility, affirmatiin, ego support, stimulation, and security
171
Three main stages of friendship development
Initial contact and acquantanceship, casual friendship, and close and intimate friendship
172
Network convergence
As the relationship develops online they begin to share their metwork of other communicators
173
Eros love
Beauty and sexualith
174
Ludus love
Entertainment and excitement
175
Storge love
Peaceful and slow
176
Pragma love
Practical and traditionsl. Pragma love seeks a relationship that will work.
177
Mania love
Elation and depression
178
Agape
Compassionate and self less
179
Types of couples
Traditionals, independent, separate
180
Comformuty orientation
Refers to the degree to which family members express similiat or dissimilar attitudes, values, and beliefs
181
Conversation oreintation
The degree un which family members can speak their minx
182
4 types of families
Consensual familes, protective families, pluuralistic families
183
Consensual families
High in conversation and conformity
184
Protectjve families
High in conformity and low in conversation
185
Pluralistic families
Low in conformity and high in conversation
186
Laisez faire families
Low in conformity and low in conversation a
187
Family characteristics
Defined roles, recognition of responsibilities, shared history and future, shared living space
188
Equality pattern
Each person shatrd equally in the communication transac5ions anf each person is accorded a similiar degree of credibility
189
Balanced split
Equality relationship is maintained but each person has authority over different domaibs
190
Unbalanced split
One person dominates and is seen as an expert ib more than halg the arras of mutual communication
191
Monolopy
One person is seen as am authority
