Module 3 Quiz Questions

Question 1

Define the terms active and passive with respect to the membrane transport.

Answer 1

Passive transport involves movement from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration without an expenditure of energy. Active transport involves the movement of materials against a concentration gradient with the use of energy.

Question 2

Describe the structure and location of the ribosomes.

Answer 2

Ribosomes are small globular granules made of ribosomal RNA and protein. They are found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 3

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 3

A framework within the cell; its function is related mainly to movement and support. It is made up of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

Question 4

Sketch and label a diagram of the principal constituents of the plasma membrane.

Answer 4

Integral protein, channel, carbohydrate, cholesterol, lipid bilayer and peripheral protein.

Question 5

Define the terms transcription and translation.

Answer 5

Transcription: the copying of a base sequence of DNA into a base sequence of RNA.
Translation: the use of a base sequence of mRNA to assemble a corresponding sequence of amino acids.

Question 6

State the difference between integral and peripheral membrane proteins.

Answer 6

Integral proteins penetrate through the membrane. Peripheral proteins are on the inner or outer surface.

Question 7

The process of transcription provides which three types of RNA?

Answer 7

Messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA.

Question 8

The cytoskeleton proteins with the smallest diameter are called ____.

Answer 8

Microfilaments

Question 9

Name the two types (categories) of membrane proteins.

Answer 9

Integral and peripheral

Question 10

For successful somatic cell division to occur, the cell must undergo mitosis followed by cytokinesis. Explain these two terms.

Answer 10

Division of the nucleus. Division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis).

Question 11

Name the three principal parts of a generalized cell:

Answer 11

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 12

What is a gene? What is its function?

Answer 12

A gene is a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA that determines the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Question 13

Describe the structure of the nucleus.

Answer 13

The nucleus is a spherical structure surround by a double membrane and contains the nucleolus and chromatin.

Question 14

Describe the cytosol of the cell.

Answer 14

The cytosol of the cell is the viscous fluid within which the organelles and inclusions are suspended. It is the site of most intracellular chemical reactions.

Question 15

Identify the function of the lysosomes.

Answer 15

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes used by cells to reprocess intracellular materials such as cell membranes, and extracellular materials such as bone.

Question 16

What is the anticodon?

Answer 16

A sequence of three nucleotides on a transfer RNA molecule, which allows the tRNA to bind to a specific sequence of three nucleotides on the mRNA.

Question 17

What is the termination (stop) codon?

Answer 17

A three nucleotide sequence in mRNA that signifies the end of the message.

Question 18

Fill in the appropriate RNA nucleotide that would be expected to pair with the DNA nucleotide shown below:
G–T–T–A–G–A–G–A–T–G

Answer 18

C–A–A–U–C–U–C–U–A–C

Question 19

Define the term osmosis.

Answer 19

Is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.

Question 20

What is the function of the microtubules?

Answer 20

Microtubules provide shape and structural support for cells. They also provide the mechanism for the movement of cilia and flagella and the movement of chromosomes during mitosis.

Question 21

Identify the primary function of cilia.

Answer 21

Cilia cause the movement of materials such as mucous across cell surfaces.

Question 22

The fluid inside a cell is called the ____, while the fluid outside the cell is called the ____.

Answer 22

Intracellular fluid; extracellular fluid.

Question 23

List 3 functions of the cell membrane:

Answer 23

Channel, transporter, receptor, enzyme, anchor, identify marker.

Question 24

Define the terms hypotonic and hypertonic.

Answer 24

In a hypotonic solution, a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water occurs. In contrast, a hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water.

Question 25

Which of the following is true about metaphase?

Answer 25

In metaphase, the centromeres of the chromatid pairs line up at the equatorial plane region.

Question 26

The only example of a flagellum in the human body is the:

Answer 26

Tail of a sperm

Question 27

Which of the following is true about simple diffusion?

Answer 27

When equilibrium is obtained in diffusion, random molecular motion continues, but net diffusion stops.

Question 28

Human cells are basically factories that produce large numbers of diverse:

Answer 28

Proteins

Question 29

Which lipids compose approximately three-fourths of the lipids in the plasma membrane of a human cell?

Answer 29

Phospholipids

Question 30

The cellular contents located between the outer limiting membrane of a cell and it’s nucleus are collectively known as:

Answer 30

Cytoplasm

Question 31

A cell spends most of its life in what stage of the life cycle?

Answer 31

Interphase

Question 32

Which of the cell organelle is the site of fatty acid, phospholipid, and steroid synthesis?

Answer 32

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 33

Concerning vesicular transport, what would it not describe it?

Answer 33

In exocytosis, a segment of the plasma membrane surrounds the substance to be taken in, encloses it and brings it into the cell

Question 34

What would not be a characteristic of the plasma membrane?

Answer 34

It provides the foundation for cell organelles