Module 3 - Respiratory System

Question 1

greater in the alveoli than pulmonary capillary blood

Answer 1

PO2 Partial Pressure Oxygen

Question 2

Presence of Hgb in the RBC allows blood to

Answer 2

transport 30 to 100 times as much O2

Question 3

firstly occurs when 2% of the blood has passed from the aorta through the bronchial circulation which supplies mainly the deep tissues of the lungs and is not exposed to lung air

Answer 3

Shunt flow

Question 4

when shunt blood combines in the pulmonary veins with the oxygenated blood from the alveolar capillaries

Answer 4

Venous Admixture of Blood

Question 5

Normal Intracellular PO2 pressure

Answer 5

5 mmHg - 40 mmHg

Question 6

oxygen-rich hemoglobin

Answer 6

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 7

oxygen-poor hemoglobin

Answer 7

Deoxyhemoglobin

Question 8

two types of respiration

Answer 8

pulmonary and cellular respiration

Question 9

involves gaseous exchange between alveoli the blood

Answer 9

pulmonary respiration

Question 10

involves gaseous exchange between the interstitial fluid (in the tissues) and the blood

Answer 10

cellular respiration

Question 11

two phases of respiration

Answer 11

inhalation/inspiration
exhalation/expiration

Question 12

failure of alveoli to open

Answer 12

atelectasis

Question 13

The loss of dissolved CO2 in the plasma (decreased PCO2) is
followed by the loss of Carbon Dioxide in the ____________.

Answer 13

red blood cell

Question 13

Anatomic dead space areas; examples

Answer 13

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Question 13

Physiologic dead space areas example

Answer 13

damaged alveoli

Question 14

2 types of breathing

Answer 14

abdominal breathing
costal breathing

Question 15

the diaphragm moves, usually seen in a normal quiet type of respiration.

Answer 15

abdominal breathing

Question 16

the thorax moves, usually seen associated with painful respiration

Answer 16

costal breathing

Question 17

this occurs due to highly regular alternating activation of the diaphragm and intrinsic laryngeal muscles at a frequency of 25 times per second during inspiration and expiration

Answer 17

purring

Question 18

difficulty in breathing

Answer 18

dyspnea

Question 19

temporary cessation of breathing

Answer 19

apnea

Question 20

rapid, shallow, panting type of breathing

Answer 20

polypnea

Question 21

the rate and depth of breathing is increased

Answer 21

hyperpnea

Question 22

is a bluish condition or purplish coloration of the skin and mucous membrane

Answer 22

cyanosis

Question 23

is a condition of hypoxia combined with hypercapnia

Answer 23

asphyxia

Question 24

is an acute inflammation of the lung that occurs in all species due to various reasons. It is characterized by the distended capillaries and alveoli which become filled with serous fluid (later mixed with erythrocytes, leukocytes and fibrin).

Answer 24

pneumonia

Question 25

a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness

Answer 25

emphysema

Question 26

abnormal respiratory cycles. Periodic breathing is called Grouped breathing. The cycles sometimes occur in rapid succession (in pairs, triplets, or quadruplets), and are followed by varying intervals of apnea (observed in animals anesthetized with pentobarbital)

Answer 26

periodic breathing

Question 28

is characterized by successive occurrence of respiratory cycles in a waxing and waning patter (due to a delay in the perfusion of the lungs with blood to the subsequent arrival of the blood to the brain).

Answer 28

cheyne/strokes breathing

Question 29

displacement of O2 from Hgb due to increased CO2 concentration

Answer 29

Bohr Effect

Question 30

percentage of carbaminohemoglobin

Answer 30

23%

Question 31

bicarbonate percentage

Answer 31

70%

Question 32

where do bicarbonate ions move wherein a transport protein facilities the exchange of chloride ions from the plasma into the RBCs and HCO3- from the inside to the outside(plasma)

Answer 32

Chloride shift mechanism

Question 33

the molecules of O2 will dissociate from hemoglobin due to _______ and _________

Answer 33

high concentration of CO2 (PCO2) increase in hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 34

what are the 3 major divisions of respiratory centers

Answer 34

dorsal respiratory group ventral respiratory group pneumotaxic center

Question 34

what are the 2 main neurotransmitters

Answer 34

dopamine and acetylcholine

Question 35

other name for tertiary bronchi

Answer 35

mesobronchi

Question 35

2 types of chemoreceptors

Answer 35

peripheral chemoreceptors central chemoreceptors