PHYSIO102A > Module 1 - Mammalian Urinary System > Flashcards

Module 1 - Mammalian Urinary System Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Functional unit of the kidneys

A

Nephron

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2
Q

The following are functions of the urinary system

A. Balances the water and electrolyte components of the body
B. Helps in production of glucose
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

A

C. Both A and B

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3
Q

Two parts of nephron

A

Glomerulus and Long Tubules

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4
Q

Other name for Long tubules

A

Renal Tubules

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5
Q

It is responsible for Reabsorption and Secretion processes

A

Long tubules (renal tubules)

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6
Q

Responsible for filtration

A

Glomerulus

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7
Q

Glomerulus are made up of _________

A

Glomerular capillaries (tuft)

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8
Q

Kidney capillary pores are described as ______

A

Fenestrae

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9
Q

Two groups of capillaries in the kidney

A

Glomerular and Peritubular

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10
Q

This group of capillary in the kidney is also known as high pressure capillary bed

A

Glomerular capillaries

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11
Q

This group of capillary in the kidney operates under low pressure

A

Peritubular capillaries

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12
Q

Flow of process of the urine

A. Reabsorption, Filtration, Secretion, Excretion
B. Secretion, Filtration, Reabsorption, Excretion
C. Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion, Excretion
D. Filtration, Secretion, Reabsorption, Excretion

A

C. Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion, Excretion

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13
Q

Efferent arteriole leads to what group of capillaries

A

Peritubular capillaries

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14
Q

First stage in the formation of urine

A

Glomerular Filtration

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15
Q

Product of glomerular filtration

A

glomerular filtrate

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16
Q

GFR of Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure

A

60 mmHg

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17
Q

GFR of Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure

A

32 mmHg

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18
Q

GFR of Bowman’s Capsule pressure

A

18 mmHg

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19
Q

GFR of Bowman’s Capsule Osmotic Pressure

A

10 mmHg

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20
Q

It supplies blood to the kidneys

A

Renal artery

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21
Q

These are the extensions of peritubular capillaries

A

Vasa recta

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22
Q

Two types of mechanism

A

Afferent arteriolar mechanism
Efferent arteriolar mechanism

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23
Q

The arterioles can constrict due to the stimulation of _______ , thus decreases the blood flow and the GFR

A

Sympathetic nerve fiber

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24
Q

Sympathetic nerve fiber activity is triggered by a vasoconstrictor substance called

A

Angiotensin II

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25
Are present in the walls of afferent and efferent arterioles
Juxtaglomerular cells
26
Its cells are in the initial portion of distal tubules, but come in contact with the cells of afferent and efferent arterioles
Macula Densa
27
Juxtaglomerular complex is stimulated by _________ A. Increase HCO3- in the Macula Densa B. Increase NaCl in the Macula Densa C. Decrease HCO3- in the Macula Densa D. Decrease NaCl in the Macula Densa E. Decrease K
D. Decrease NaCl in the Macula Densa
28
Decreased NaCl in the macula densa causes the dilation of ____________ A. Dilation of Afferent arteriole B. Dilation of Efferent arteriole C. Both A and B
C. Both A and B
29
The dilation causes the release of _______
Renin
30
When dilation occurs, it causes to release Renin which then acts on ________
Angiotensinogen to form Angiotensin I
31
A potent vasoconstrictor causes ________ and ________ A. Constriction : Afferent arteriolar resistance B. Constriction : Efferent resistance C. Dilation : Afferent arteriolar resistance D. Dilation : Efferent resistance E. Constriction : Afferent and Efferent Resistance F. Dilation : Afferent and Efferent Resistance
E. Constriction : Afferent and Efferent Resistance
32
True or False: Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenal glands
True
33
True or False: Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
False, it should be efferent arterioles
34
Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenal glands, which in turn, cause an increase __________ reabsorption from the renal tubules.
Sodium NaCl
35
Give at least 3 substances that cannot/should not be seen in urine
protein, glucose, amino acid, vitamins aceto/acetate ions
36
Glucose in the urine is a sign of
Diabetes
37
term for Formation of glucose
Gluconeogenesis
38
It is also known as the terminal part
Renal pelvis
39
Increase of sodium concentration in the ECF is due to ____________
Increase in sodium retention
40
An increase in sodium retention increases the sodium concentration in the ECF, leading to an ____________
Increase in osmolality of the blood
41
Increase in osmolality of the blood also means that there is an _________
ECF water deficit
42
6 classes of urine
Diluted, Non diluted, hypertonic, hypotonic, acidic, alkaline
43
It is an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which favors the reabsorption of more water in the tubules of the nephron
Vasopressin
44
Intracellular dehydration can send stimulus to posterior pituitary gland to release ________
Vasopressin
45
Parts of mammalian renal tubules
Proximal (convoluted) tubule Loop of henle (descending and ascending) Distal tubule (early and late) Cortical collecting tubule Medullary collecting duct Renal pelvis
46
Shape of mammalian kidney
bean shaped
47
Location of mammalian kidney
Bilaterally located in the retro peritoneal cavity
48
Is the osmolar concentration expressed as osmoles per liter of solution
Osmolarity
49
The reason why there is reabsorption of water from distal tubule
Antidiuretic hormone
50
reabsorbs sodium from the lumen and secrete potassium ions into the lumen
principal cells
51
reabsorbs potassium ions and bicarbonate ions from the lumen and secrete hydrogen ions into the lumen
intercalated cells
52
released when there is increase osmolality of the plasma
Vasopressin
53
solves the increase of salt concentration
renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS)
54
Aldosterone reabsorbs _______ and secretes ______
NaCl & H20 : K
55
Normal composition of ECF I. Less amount of Sodium, Chloride, Bicarbonate II. Large amount of Potassium, Magnesium, Phosphate III. Large amount of Sodium, Chloride, Bicarbonate IV. Less amount of Potassium, Magnesium, Phosphate A. Both I and II B. Both III and I C. Both III and IV
C. Both III and IV
56
What is the NEXT process when substances are to be excreted out of renal pelvis as part of urine components into the ureter
Temporarily stores in urinary bladder
57
What do you call this process where substances from the lumen move out to the ECF thru diffusion or active transport processes
Reabsorption
58
Contains high salt, less water
Hypertonic urine
59
Contains less salt but high in water
Hypotonic urine
60
More solutes, less solvent
Concentrated urine
61
More water, less solutes
Diluted urine
62
more hydrogen ions, less bicarbonate ions
acidic urine
63
When Hypo/Hypertonic urine is stimulated by the alteration of salt content in the e plasma which eventually passes through the distal tubule to affect the JG complex, it causes _______________
activation or inhibition of renin-angiotensin II mechanism
64
The one that stimulates the release of aldosterone by the adrenal glands
Angiotensin II
65
Animal with transparency urine
Horse
66
Urea is formed by what organ
Liver
67
Urea is formed by the liver from ammonia which is produced during __________________
amino acid metabolism
68
type of urine of herbivorous animals
alkaline/basic
69
characteristic of urethral canal of oxens
directed toward the ground
70
A surgical procedure to remove a part of kidney
Nephrectomy

PHYSIO102A (5 decks)

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