Module 3: Shoulder & Arm Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
muscles in axillary fold
A
triceps brachii
latissimus dorsi
serratus anteror
2
Q
bones of shoulder and arm
A
clavicle
humerus
scapula
3
Q
4 joints of shoulder
A
sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
glenohumeral
scapularthoracic
4
Q
clavicle development + what kind sternoclavicular joint is
A
1st to start devel, last to complete
- why breaks easiest
- birds’ fuse/ossified to stern = wish bones
stenoclav = saddle
5
Q
scapula boney landmarks (10)
A
acromion spine of scapula - supra/infraspinous fossas superior/inferior angle medial border lateral border infraglenoid tubercle glenoid cavity (cartilage) coracoid process subscapular fossa
6
Q
boney landmarks of humerus
A
head of humerus - greater tubercle - lesser tubercle - intertubercle groove ^ bicep (-|- two) deltoid tuberosity other end - olecranon fossa - medial epicondyle - trochlea - lateral epicondyle
7
Q
boney landmarks clavicle
A
acromial end (5 shape w/out top line) - trapezoid line - conoid tubercle sternal end (upside down triangle) - groove for subclavius
8
Q
deltoid actions
A
all fibers = abduct shoulder (1st 15 deg = supspin)
anterior fibers = flex, medially rotate, & horizontally adduct the shoulder
posterior fibers = extend, laterally rotate, & horizontally abduct the shoulder
9
Q
deltoid (O+I)
+ why name
A
O = lat 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, & spine of scap
I = deltoid tuberosity
* bc upside down delta (triangle)
10
Q
why trap called wingnut
A
good question go watch lecture
11
Q
what is the climbing muscle
A
latissimus dorsi
12
Q
nerves for trapezius + test
A
spinal portion of cranial nerve XI (accessory) - shrug test
ventral ramus C2`, 3, 4
13
Q
teres major (I+O+A)
A
extend, adduct, and medially rotate the shoulder
O= inferior angle & lower 1/3 of lat scap border
I = crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
14
Q
muscles of rotator cuff (+ what is greater purpose)
A
supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis * glen-hum stability
15
Q
supraspinatus (I+O+A)
A
- abduct the shoulder (1st 15 deg; rest 85 deg = deltoid)
- stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity
O = supraspinous fossa of scapula
I = greater tubercle of humerus
16
Q
infraspinatus (I+O+A)
A
- laterally rotate & adduct shoulder
- stabilize head of humerus
O = medial 3/4 infraspinous fossa of scap
I = greater tubercle of humerus
17
Q
teres minor (I+O+A) \+ function & placement
A
- laterally rotate & adduct shoulder
- stabilize head of humerus
O = upper 2/3 of lat scap border
I = greater tubercle of humerus - synergist for infrspin
- hidden by delts
18
Q
subscapularis (I+O+A)
A
- medially rotate the shoulder (!!!!)
- stabilize head of humerus
O = subscapular fossa of scap
I = lesser tubercle of humerus
19
Q
rhomboid major (O+I+A)
A
adduct, elevate, & downward rotate scap
O = spin pro t2-t5
I = medial border of the scapular -|- scap spine & inf angle
20
Q
rhomboid minor (I+O+A)
A
adduct, elevate, & downward rotate of scap
O = spin pro c7- t1
I = upper portion of med bord of scap (across from spine of scap)
21
Q
how levator scapula affect scap + where positioned
A
- unilaterally elevate and downwardly rotate scapula or fixated scap
- deep to trap
22
Q
pectoralis major actions
A
all fibers - adduct & medially rotate shoulder - assist elevate thorax w forced inhalation (w arm fixed) upper fibers - flex & horizontally adduct shoulder lower fibers - extend shoulder
23
Q
pec major (I+O)
A
O = med 1/2 clav, sterrn, & cartilage of rib 1-6 I = crest of greater tubercle of humerus
24
Q
pec minor (O+I+A) \+ fun fact
A
- depress, abduct, & downwardly rotate scap
- w scap fixed = assist elevate thorax w forced inhal
O = ribs 3-5 (can vary)
I = medial surface of coracoid process of scap - surgical landmark for axillary artery
25
subclavius (O+I+A)
| + function
- depress & draw clav anteriorly
- elevate rib 1 to assist w inhal
- stabilize sternoclavicular joint
O = rib 1 & cartilage
I = inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clav
* anchors sternal end of clav if there is a lateral-acting force to the scapular end of clav
26
```
biceps brachii (O+I+A)
+ what joints cross & 1 fun fact
```
- flex elbow (not when pronated)
- @ 90de flexion = supinated forearm & flex shoulder
O
- short head = coracoid process
- long head = supraglenoid tubercle
I
- tuberosity of radius
- aponeurosis of bicep brachii
* glenohumeral joint, elbow, radial humeral joint
* ~10% of ppl 3rd head
27
```
triceps brachii (I+O+A)
+ 1 fun fact
```
- all heads = extend elbow
- long head (stabilize/stunt) = extend and adduct shoulder
O
- long head = infraglenoid tubercle of scap
- lateral head = post surface of prox of the humerus
- medial head = post surface of distal half of humerus
I = olecranon process of ulna
* lateral head = strongest w resistance
28
coracobrachialis (O+I+A)
| + function
- flex & adduct shoulder
O = coracoid process of scapula
I = medial surface of mid humeral shaft
* stabilizes GH, shunt
29
structures of the axilla + why name
```
armpit pyramid
- point = cervical axillary canal = path for vascular function
- brachial veins & ulnar nerve
base = skin, fat, fascia
sides
- ant pec major
- supscap
- med serratus anterior
- teres major
- latissimus dorsi
intertubercular groove of humerus
* bit ouchie/ticklish bc not want touch bc vulnerable area
```
30
coracoclavicular ligament
clav to coracoid
| trapezoid & conoid
31
acromioclavicular ligament
- clav to acromion
| - shoulder separation
32
ligaments of shoulder (6)
```
coracoclavicular
acromioclavicular
supraspinatus & subscapularis tendons
coracohumeral
coracoacromial
infraspinatus and teres minor tendons
```
33
glenoid cavity
not circle
- :. stability issues
cartilage
surrounded by articular capsule
34
8 carpal bones
| so long to pinky here comes the thumb
```
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
hamate
capitate
trapezoid
trapezium
sca lu tri, pisi ham cap trap trap
```
35
boney landmarks of forearm and hand
```
radius/ulna
- radial styloid
- ulnar styloid
- shafts
- olecranon process (ulna)
metacarpals & phalanges
- base
- shaft
- hand
```
36
4 primary groups of forearm and hand muscles
1. act at elbow
2. move wrist and fingers
3. pivot rad/ulna
4. thumb
37
elbow movement & muscles
```
flexion = bicep
extension = tricep
```
38
radial-ulnar joint movement and muscles
```
supination
- bicep & supinator
pronation
- pronator teres
- bi quad
```
39
wrist action and muscles
```
extension = extensor carpi radialis/ulnaris
flexion = flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris
abduction = ulnar deviation
adduction = radial deviation
```
40
hand and finger movements
extension
flexion
adduction
abduction
41
thumb movements
```
flexion
extension
opposition
adduction
abduction
```
42
brachialis (I+O+A)
flex elbow
- most force
- only pure boy
O = distal half of anterior surface of humerus
I = tuberosity & coronoid process of ulna
43
brachioradialis (I+O+A)
- flex elbow
- assist pronate and supinate forearm when resisted
- quick moves
- no wrist action/no cross wrist
O = prox 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I = styloid process of radius
44
pronator teres (O+I+A)
pronate forearm
assit flex elbow
O = common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
I = middle of lateral surface of radius
45
what 4 muscles originate at common flexor tendon
1. pronator teres
2. flexor carpi radialis
3. palmaris longus
4. flexor carpi ulnaris
(5. flexor digitorum superficialis)
46
```
pronator quadratus (I+O+A)
+ how access & 1 fun fact
```
pronate forearm
O = medial, anterior surface of distal ulna
I = lateral, anterior surface of distal radius
* only muscle that crosses ulna-radius
*inner wrist
* only access via dissection
47
supinator (O+I+A)
```
slow, unopposed supinate forearm
O
- lat epicon of hum
- rad collateral lig
- annular lig
- supinator crest of ulna
I = anterior lat surface of proximal 1/3 of radial shaft
```
48
extensor carpi radialis longus (O+I+A)
| + function
```
extend & abduct wrist
assist flex elbow
radial deviation
O = distal 1/3 of lat supracondylar ridge of humerus
I = base of metacarpals
* clench fist
```
49
extensor carpi radialis brevis (O+I+A)
extend & abduct wrist
assist to flex elbow (synergist)
O = common extensor tendon from lat epicondyle of humerus
I = base of 3rd metacarpal
50
extensor carpi ulnaris (O+I+A)
extend & adduct wrist
O = common extensor tendon of lat epidon of hum
I = base of 5th metacarpal
51
extensor digitorum (O+I+A)
extend phalanges 2-5
assist extend wrist
O = common extensor tendon from lat epi con of hum
I = bases of middle & distal phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers
52
what do hand tendons do
restrict independent extension
53
flexor carpi radialis (O+I+A)
flex & abduct wrist
maybe flex elbow
O = common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
I = bases of metacarpal 2&3
54
```
palmaris longus (O+I+A)
* fun fact
```
- tense palmar fascia
- flex wrist
- maybe flex elbow
O = common flexor tendon from medial epicon of hum
I = flex retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis
* not everyone has
* Achilles tendon of the wrist sorta
55
flexor carpi ulnaris (O+I+A+N)
-flex & adduct wrist
- assist flex elbow
O
- humeral head = common flexor tendon from medial epicon of hum
- ulnar hear = posterior surface of proximal 2/3 of ulna
I
- pisiform
- hook of hamate
- base of 5th metacarpal
N = ulnar nerve (C7,8,T1)
- only one innverv by this boy
56
flexor digitorum superficialis
```
flex fingers 2-5
flex wrist
O
- common flexor tendon from med epicon fo hum
- ulnar collateral lig
- coronoid process of ulna
- interosseous membrane
- proximal shaft of radius
I = sides of middle phalanges of 2-5 finger
```
57
flexor digitorum profundus (O+I+A)
| + how sit
```
flex 2-5 fingers
assist flex wrist
O = anterior & medial surfaces of proximal 3/4 of ulna
I
- base of distal phalanges
- palmar surface of 2-5 fingers
* clothes ulna
```
58
anconeus (O+I+A)
| + what is called
extend the elbow
O = lateral epicondyle of humerus
I = olecranon process & posterior, proximal surface of ulna
* tense capsule @ elbow
59
extensor indicis (O+I+A)
extend & adduct second finger
- independence of pointer finger
O = posterior surface of distal shaft if ulna and interosseous membrane
I = tendon of extensor digitorum @ level of the 2nd metacarpal
60
extensor pollicis longus (O+I+A)
| + fun fact
```
extend the thumb
abduct the wrist
O = pos surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I = base of distal phalanx of thumb
* anatomical snuff box
```
61
extensor pollicis brevis (O+I+A)
| + fun fact
```
extend thumb
abduct wrist
O = pos surface of radius and interosseous membrane
I = base of prox phalanx of thumb
* snuff
```
62
what muscles make up snuff box
1. extensor pollicis longus (lat)
2. extensor pollicis brevis (med)
3. abdictor pollicis longus (lat)
63
abductor pollicis longus (I+O+A)
| + fun fact
```
abduct & extend thumb
abduct wrist
O = pos surface of radius and ulna, & interosseous membrane
I = base of 1st metacarpal
* snuff box
```
64
abductor pollicis brevis (I+O+A)
abduct thumb
assist in opposition of thumb
O = flexor retinaculum, trapezium, & scaphoid tubercles
I = base of prox phalanx of thumb
65
flexor pollicis longus (O+I+A)
only thumb flexor
assist to flex wrist
O = anterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane
I = base of distal phalanx of thumb
66
flexor pollicis brevis (O+I+A+N)
flex thumb & assist in opposition
O
- superficial head (larger) = flexor retinaculum
- deep head (smaller) = trapezium, trapezoid, and capitate
I = base of proximal phalanx of thumb
N
- superficial head = median nerve C6,7,8,T1
- deep head = ulnar nerve C8,T1
67
```
opponens pollicis (O+I+A)
+ function
```
opposition of thumb @ carpometacarpal joint
flex & rot imcp join
O = flex retinaculum & tubercle of trapezium
I = length of first metacarpal bone, radial surface
* picking up
68
```
adductor pollicis (O+I+A)
+ what structure for
```
```
adduct thumb (only adductor)
O = capitate, metacarpals 2&3
I = base of proximal phalax of thumb
* radial artery runs under belly
```
69
thumb muscles
extensor pollicis longus & brevis
abductor pollicis longus & brevis
flexor pollicis longus & brevis
opponens pollicis
70
pinky muscles
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi
71
abductor digiti minimi (I+O+A)
| + placement
abduct 5th finger
assist in opposition of 5th finger
O = pisiform & tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
I = base of phalanx of 5th finger & ulnar surface
* most superficial
72
flexor digiti minimi (I+O+A
flex 5h finger
assist in opposition of 5th finger towards thumb
O = hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum
I = base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, palmer surface
73
opponens digiti minimi (I+O+A)
| + placement & how work
opposition of 5th finger @ carpometacarpal joint (only boy)
O = hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum
I = shaft of 5th metacarpal, ulnar surface
* deepest
* pushes in hollow of hand
74
palm muscles
lumbricals
palmar interossei
dorsal interossei
75
lumbricals of hand (O+I+A+N)
| + why name
extend & flex 2nd-5th @interphalangeal joints
O = surfaces of flexor digitorum profundus tendons
I = extensor aponeurosis on dorsa surface of phalanges
N
- fingers 2&3 = median C(6),7,8,T1
- fingers 4&5 = ulnar C(7),8,T1
* lumbricals = worms
76
palmar interossei (O+I+A)
- adduct & assist to flex & extend thumb, 2nd, 4th, & 5th fingers
O = base of 1st, 2nd, 4th, & 5th metacarpals
I = base of proximal phalanx of related finger and the extensor aponeurosis
* anchor to and towards 3rd finger
* PAD = palmer adduct
77
dorsal interossei (O+I+A)
abduct, & assist to flex and extend 2nd-4th fingers
O = adjacent sides of all metacarpals
I = base of proximal phalanx of 2nd-4th fingers & extensors aponeurosis
* DAB = dorsal abductor
78
palmar + dorsal interossei common movements
flex metacarpophalangeal joints
| extend interphalangeal joint
79
elbow ligaments and components
```
radial collateral ligaments
- humerus to ulna fan and blend to head of radius
annular ligament
- ulna to ulna over head of radius
- w blend of radial collateral ligament
ulnar collateral ligament
- anterior = hum med epicon to ulna
- posterior = hum med epicon to olecranon process; weaker
ulnar nerve
- along ulnar groove
- under ulnar collateral lig/along it
```
80
wrist tendons structure
flexor retinaculum
- roof for flexor tendons
extensor retinaculum
- roof for extensor tendons
81
ligs of interphalangeal joints
flexor digitorum superficialis tendon
- down 3rd finger
- splits at proximal interphalangeal joint for FDP tendon
flexor digitorum profundus tendon
- follows FDS tendon & goes through when split @ its insertion
- insert on distal interphalangeal joint
deep transverse metacarpal lig
- connect 2nd & 3rd, and 3rd & 4th, and 4th & 5th fingers at the metacarpals
